in#saneThe contemporary history of an eroding difference

该项目的目的是通过改变视角和通过日常历史讲述去机构化的故事，挑战迄今为止占主导地位的自上而下的国家历史观点。该项目希望通过观察女性和男性的轨迹来回答“从下面”去制度化的问题。此外，在那些受影响的人的日常生活中，正常与疯狂之间的指标性差异的侵蚀也将得到反映。机构的围墙是否已经转移到精神病院之外的日常生活中，或者传统界限的侵蚀是否真的可以在实践中找到痕迹？因此，这些“病人”的史前史和后史史都包含在叙述中。有效的假设是，没有去制度化，而是制度性反应的扩散。这种以日常历史为基础的方法，也应该让人们听到这种去机构化行为者的经历，这些经历迄今几乎无人知晓。要从微观历史的角度考察三个问题领域。-轨迹：该项目的核心不再是像精神病学历史上那样从地点开始，而是从某个时刻在精神病学房间里的人开始。-精神科：自20世纪50年代末以来，对精神科室的定义逐渐扩大，不再仅仅以精神病院来定义。-社会救助网络：18世纪和19世纪的史学经常将精神病学的历史与福利国家/社会救助的历史交织在一起。然而，到20世纪为止，这两个领域在很大程度上遵循着不同的史学路径。然而，如果你仔细研究一下病人的传记，就会发现他们经常在更具社会性的机构和更具医疗性的机构之间来回切换。这些坐标轴的交叉是为了打破过度简化的去机构化叙事，展示那些在精神病院度过部分生命的人的生活经历的异质性，从而有助于对精神病院的软化这一普遍研究问题做出贡献。从自上而下的国家历史叙事到微观历史方法和非德语案例研究的双重转变，带来了新的问题，并有助于从比较的角度更清晰地理解德语世界。

The aim of the project is to challenge the hitherto dominant top-down, national-historical viewpoint by changing perspectives and telling the story of deinstitutionalisation through everyday history. The project wants to answer the question of deinstitutionalisation "from below" by looking at the trajectories of women and men. In addition, the erosion of the guiding difference between normal and crazy in the everyday life of those affected is to be reflected. Have the walls of the institution shifted into everyday life outside the asylum or can an erosion of traditional boundaries really be traced in practical terms? For this reason, both the prehistory and posthistory of these "patients" are included in the narrative. The working hypothesis is that there was no deinstitutionalisation, but rather a fanning out of institutional responses. The approach based on everyday history should also make audible the experiences of actors of this deinstitutionalisation who have hardly been heard so far. Three problem areas are to be examined in micro-historical terms.- Trajectories: The central core of the project is no longer to start from the place, as has been the case in the history of psychiatry, but from people who were in a psychiatric room at a certain moment. - Psychiatries: Since the end of the 1950s there has been a fanning out of what a psychiatric room is, which is no longer defined solely by asylum. - Networks of social help: Historiography on/about the 18th and 19th centuries has often intertwined the history of psychiatry with the history of the welfare state/social assistance. For the 20th century, however, the two fields have until now followed largely separate historiographical paths. However, if one follows the biographies of patients, it turns out that they very often switch back and forth between offers of more socially defined institutions and more medical-therapeutic institutions. The crossing of these axes is intended to break up the over-simplified narrative of deinstitutionalisation, to show the heterogeneity of life experiences of people who spend part of their lives in psychiatric configurations and thus contribute to the general research question of the softening of in#sane. The double shift, away from a top-down, national-historical narrative to a micro-historical approach and a non-German-language case study, brings new questions to the fore and contributes to a sharper understanding of the German-speaking world in a comparative perspective.