Trade Competition, and Regulation in Asia - Developed and Developing Countries'Viewpoints.

本项目开展的2000年至2003年期间，亚洲发生了重大变化，如建立区域贸易安排、制定竞争法、放松管制和贸易自由化。这些与全球化的世界性现象相对应，引起了政策制定者和学者的广泛关注。在这个研究项目中，在该地区一些国家进行的访谈和讨论与其他研究工作相结合，为产品提供了重要的投入。以下是讨论的要点。本文试图对该地区各国自由贸易协定领域的发展情况进行概览。探讨了日本在相关区域安排中可能发挥的作用。我们批评了日本在与新加坡以外的地区国家签订自由贸易协定时采取的农业保护主义。(2)研究了标准对贸易和竞争的正面和负面影响，为该地区发展中国家的政策选择提供了一些建议。我们讨论了在技术标准日益重要的情况下，相关法律的立法指导方针。(3)对日本、中国和泰国三个国家的放松管制与竞争政策进行了比较。我们发现，在泰国的情况下，放松管制比贸易自由化取得了更显著的利益。同时，通过对中日两国案例的比较，确立了竞争法和产业法在“垄断型产业”和“竞争型产业”创设竞争环境时应达到的目标。(4)根据本地区各国国内法律制度安排的经验，讨论了WTO在竞争政策领域的贡献，以及竞争法背景下的全球合作意味着什么。

The period between 2000 and 2003, in which this project was undertaken, witnessed radical changes in Asia such as establishment of regional trade arrangements, enactment of competition law, deregulation, and trade liberalization. These corresponds to the world-wide phenomenon of the globalization, and attracted a great deal of concern from policy makers and scholars. In this research project, interviews and discussions conducted in some countries of the region are combined with other research efforts and provided important inputs to the product. The following are the main points of discussion.(1) A survey of development in the field of free trade agreement is attempted concerning the countries in the region. The role that can possibly be played by Japan in related regional arrangement is examined. We criticized the protectionism of the agricultural sector in Japan in relation to the FTA's of Japan with countries in the region other than Singapore.(2) We studied both positive and negative impacts of standards on trade and competition to provide some suggestions for policy choices in the developing countries in the region. We discussed guidelines for legislation of related laws under the increased importance of technical standards.(3) A comparison of deregulation and competition policy in three countries, Japan, China, and Thailand is attempted. We found that, in the case of Thailand, deregulation achieved more significant benefits than trade liberalization did. Also, based on the comparison of Chinese and Japanese cases, we established what competition law and industrial law should achieve in creating competitive circumstances even for "monopolistic-type industries" as well as "competitive-type industries."(4) Based on the experiences of arranging domestic legal and institutional systems of countries in the region, we discussed what contributions of WTO in the field of competition policy can be and what the global cooperation in the context of competition law means.