STUDY ON THE PARTICIPATORY URBAN PLANNING SYSYTEMS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF LIVING ENVIRONMENT OF LOW-INCOME AREAS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

对马尼拉、曼谷和胡志明市低收入地区环境改善创新项目进行了详细的个案研究。如何改善发展中国家城市低收入地区恶劣的生活环境问题是城市化、扶贫和环境保护等许多问题的交叉点。本文综述了以社区为基础的规划和实施的演变，以改善他们的生活环境，授权社区通过非政府组织的援助，小额融资，网络和机构改革通过伙伴关系是成功的社区为基础的规划和发展的关键。以社区为基础的方法被认为是为低收入社区提供基本基础设施和服务的可行方法。然而，改善城市贫困人口生活环境的项目并不一定遵循基于社区的方法，但社区的参与程度和主动性有时不足。总之，我们发现，了解社区中现有的社会网络，加强和利用社会网络，是通过社区为基础的方法改善生活环境所必不可少的。

The detailed case studies on the innovative projects on the environmental improvement of low income areas in Manila, Bangkok and Ho Chi Minh City have been conducted. The question of how to improve the poor living environment in low-income areas of cities in developing countries is at the intersection of many issues such as urbanization, poverty alleviation and environmental protection. This paper overviews the evolution of community based planning and implementation for the improvement of their living environment Empowerment the community through the assistance of NGO, micro financing, networking as well as institutional reform through partnership is the key to the success of the community based planning and development. Community-based approach is recognized as a viable method to provide basic infrastructure and service for low-income community. However projects for improvement of living environment for the urban poor doesn't necessarily follow community-based approach, but they are sometimes insufficient in the level of participation and initiative of community. In conclusion, we found that understanding of existing social network in the community and strengthening and utilization of social network are indispensable for improvement of living environment through community-based approach.