The global group management and inter-organizational learning of Japanese companies

随着日本企业集团化管理变革的推进，全球集团化管理正成为一个重要的主题。具体而言，知识经济时代全球竞争的核心是知识创造、全球知识共享和组织间学习，日本企业追求的全球集团协同战略也是本文的研究对象。为了弄清日本公司的全球集团管理和组织间学习，这次我们进行了以下调查。首先是实地调查。对日本在美国和中国的子公司进行了访谈调查。另一种是问卷调查。2002年6月向2371家日本海外子公司发放问卷，得到286家公司的有效答复；2002年12月向1253家日本总公司发放问卷，得到104家公司的有效答复。因此，我们能够得到以下研究结果。通过知识流动的活动和全球学习的进展，总公司向海外子公司的转移也达到了高附加值产品的开发和日本传统产品和生产知识的开发，并正在成为一种转移工具，不仅有详细的知识转移手册，而且有各种有效的案例集合。另一方面，从海外子公司向总部和其他海外子公司的反向转移也在进行中。逆向转移的知识转移效应对加强核心业务和新产品开发具有明显的促进作用。在知识的逆向转移中，包括非正式结构、地区总部的支持和相互信任关系在内的逆向转移体系发挥着重要作用。

While the change of group management of Japanese companies progresses, global group management is becoming an important theme. Specifically, the core of global competition in knowledge economy is creation of knowledge, a global knowledge share, and inter-organizational learning, and pursuit of the global group synergy strategy of Japanese companies was also done this research.This time, we conducted the following investigations in order to clarify of the global group management and inter-organizational learning of Japanese companies.First one is a field survey. Interview investigation was conducted to the Japanese subsidiary in the United States and China. Another one is a questionnaire survey.While sending the questionnaire to 2371 Japanese foreign subsidiaries in June, 2002 and obtaining the effective reply from 286 companies, sending the questionnaire to 1253 Japanese head offices in December, 2002, and the effective reply was obtained from 104 companies.As a result, we were able to get the following research result. By activity of a knowledge flow, and progress of global learning, the transfer from head office to an overseas subsidiary also attains to development of a high added value product and a Japanese traditional product and production knowledge, and is becoming a transfer tool not only with a detailed knowledge transfer manual but the various effective case collections.On the other hand, the reverse transfer from an overseas subsidiary to the head office and other overseas subsidiaries is also progressing. The reverse transferred knowledge transfer effect is strongly seen to strengthening of the core business and new product development.In the reverse transfer of the knowledge, a reverse transfer system including informal structure, support of the regional headquarter and the mutual trust relation is playing the important role.