Roles of Rho family GTPases in neuronal network formation

神经系统的组织是一个复杂的和精心策划的过程。这些动态的形态变化。神经元的生长在很大程度上取决于细胞骨架结构。Rho家族GTP酶参与了神经元细胞骨架的调节和随后的形态学变化。在各种Rho家族GTP酶中，Rho诱导神经突收缩，而Rac和Cdc 42参与神经突生长。然而，其他Rho家族GTP酶的神经功能尚未得到很好的研究。我们研究了RhoG的作用，发现RhoG通过激活PC 12细胞中的Rac和Cdc 42诱导神经突生长。此外，我们确定了埃尔莫作为一个新的效应RhoG和揭示RhoG。通过埃尔莫与Dock 180的直接相互作用激活Rac 1，诱导。神经突生长接下来，我们研究了Rnd亚家族的神经元功能。然后，我们发现Rnd 1结合到丛蛋白-B1，轴突导向因子Sema 4D的受体，并通过促进PDZ-RhoGEF与丛蛋白-B1的结合来诱导细胞收缩。我们已经筛选了Rnd 2的结合伴侣，并确定了Rapostlin，Rnd 2的一种新型效应子。Rapostlin在N端具有FCH结构域，在C端具有SH 3结构域，并调节微管和肌动蛋白细胞骨架的重组。Rapostlin诱导响应Rnd 2的神经突分支。

The organization of the nervous system is a complex and orchestrated process. These dynamic morphological changes. of neurons are largely decided by the cytoskeletal organization. Rho family GTPases have been implicated in the regulation of the cytoskeleton and subsequent morphological changes in neurons. Among various Rho family GTPases, Rho induces neurite retraction, while Rac and Cdc42 are involved in neurite outgrowth. However, neural functions of other Rho family GTPases have not yet well investigated. We have examined the role of RhoG and found that RhoG induces neurite outgrowth by activating Rac and Cdc42 in PC12 cells. Furthermore, we identified Elmo as a novel effector of RhoG and revealed that RhoG. activates Rac 1 by direct interaction Elmo with Dock 180, inducing. neurite outgrowth. Next, we examined neuronal function of Rnd subfamily. We then found that Rnd1 binds to Plexin-B1, a receptor for axon guidance factor, Sema4D and induces cell retraction by promoting the binding of PDZ-RhoGEF to Plexin-B 1. We have screened the binding partner of Rnd2 and identified Rapostlin, a novel effector of Rnd2. Rapostlin has FCH domain at the N-terminus and SH3 domain at the C-terminus and regulates reorganization of both microtubule and actin cytoskeleton. Rapostlin induces neurite branching in response to Rnd2.