Development of non invasive lower urinary tract function test using ultrasound Doppler imaging

1.尿的流速可以通过超声检查来测量，由于尿中不含任何反射超声的颗粒，因此人们一直认为用超声检查来测量尿道内的流速是不可能的。我们假设，根据伯努利原理，由加速的尿流引起的流动压力的降低产生与负责多普勒信号的空化相关的微气泡。这一假设得到了证实，同时检测微管特定的空化与电荷耦合器件（CCD）相机和多普勒信号与超声扫描仪进行.前列腺尿道功能截面积（乌法=UR/UV：UV：前列腺尿道流速，UR：流速）和流速比（VR=V1/V2：V1：前列腺尿道流速，V2：括约肌尿道流速）是评价膀胱出口梗阻（BOO）的实用参数。“我们研究了最佳流速相关参数，该参数可预测α 1受体阻滞剂治疗后下尿路症状（LUTS）的改善。V2较高的患者可能对α-受体阻滞剂治疗反应较差.为了缩短分析时间，使系统不仅适用于BOO，而且适用于整个排尿功能障碍，对分析软件进行了改进。(1)自动绘制ROI（感兴趣区域）~（2）指示校正角度（3）自动图形指示先前建议的参数（A1、A2和VR）（4）自动图形指示新参数以分析膀胱功能4.速度-流量图：绘制了速度相关参数与整个空穴流量之间的二维图。尿流初速度信号的延迟可能有助于诊断排尿功能障碍

1. Flow velocity of urine can be measured by ultrasound sonographyIt had been believed to be impossible to measure the intraurethral flow velocity by ultrasonography, since urine does not contain any particles reflecting ultrasound. We hypothesized that according to Bernoulli's principle a decrease of flow pressure caused by an accelerated urinary flow produces micro bubbles associated with cavitation responsible for Doppler signals. This hypothesis was confirmed by A simultaneous detection of microtubbles specific to cavitation with a charged-coupled device (CCD) camera and Doppler signals with an ultrasound scanner was conducted.2. Velocity related parameters are proved to be useful for evaluating bladder outlet obstruction(BOO).Functional cross-sectional area at prostatic urethra (UFA=UR/UV: UV: velocity at prostatic urethra, UR: flow rate) and velocity ratio (VR=V1/V2: V1: velocity at prostatic urethra, V2: velocity at sphincteric urethra) were proved to be practical parameters far evaluating BOO. "'e investigated the best flow velocity related parameter, which allowed prediction of improvement of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after α 1-blocker treatment.. The patients with higher V2 might be poor responders against alpha-blocker treatment.3. Custom made software has been improved.In order to reduce analytic time and apply the system not only for BOO but also for whole voiding dysfunction, analytic software has been improved.(1) Automatic plotting of ROI (region of interest) ~(2) Indication of corrected angle(3) Automatic graphic indication of previously proposed parameters (Al, A2 and VR)(4) Automatic graphic indication of new parameters to analyze bladder function4. Velocity-flow plots.Two dimensional graph plots between velocity related parameter and flow rate in whole voiding has been performed. A delay of initial velocity signal may be useful to diagnose voiding dysfunction