Study of reproductive ecology and sociality of Lake Tanganyika cichlids : a model system of social evolution of vertebrates

这一年，Kohda和Takey arna作为合作伙伴在坦噶尼喀湖学习。Kohda研究了协作式多雄叶蝉的繁殖生态，特别是在楔形巢穴的产卵地点。他发现了更多的例子，在巢中大型阿尔法雄鸟可以到达的地方放置了卵的离合器。这与前几年观察到的沉淀点相似。这些结果可能表明雌性有选择地在大型雄性能够到达的地方产卵，并可能导致这样的假设，即通过雌性鱼对产卵地点的选择，它们可能控制了这种鱼的父权分布。在姆普伦古市的实验室实验中，研究了雌性对巢形状、楔形巢和宽巢的选择。根据前些年的野外观察，雌性更倾向于选择楔形巢，在楔形巢中雌性可以控制父亲的分布。通过现场观察，我们获得了…更多的鸡蛋离合器的例子。在11个卵壳中，有10个放置在巢中可供大型雄性阿尔法进入的地方。我们提出了一个假设，即雌性可以通过选择这样的SITA作为产卵地点来控制父权分布。在合作繁殖的脊椎动物中，雌性控制父权分布已被提出，这一假设的检验将是雌性控制超受精动物父权分布的第一个例子。我们发现这条鱼有帮手，可能是亲戚。据报道，与相关助手的合作繁殖在鸟类和慈鱼中都有，但鸟类和慈鱼的繁殖成员都是成对的。因此，萨沃伊的合作繁育将成为日本海兔交配系统中的第一个范例。我们将使用样本来检验成年人和帮助者之间的相关性。在大阪市立大学的实验室里，我们携带了大约40只新萨沃里线虫。利用这些活鱼，我们将在水族馆进行合作繁殖这种鱼的实验，

In this year, Kohda and Takeyarna as a cooperator studied in Lake Tanganyika. Kohda researched breeding ecology of cooperatively polyandrous cichlid Chalinochramis brichardi, especially on the spawning sites in wedge-shaped nests. He found further examples where egg clutches were deposited at the point in the nest to which large alpha males can reach. These were similar to depositing sites observed in previous years. These results may indicate female selectively spawn eggs at the site to which large alpha males can reach, and may lead the hypothesis that through selection of spawning sites by females of this fish, they may control paternity distribution in this fish.In laboratory experiments at the Mpulungu City, female choice of nest shape, wedge-shaped nests and wide nests was examined. AS predidted from field observation in previous years, female tended to choose wedge-shaped nests in which female can control paternity distribution. From field observation of C.brichardi, we obtained … More further examples of egg clutches. Of 11 egg olutches 10 were deposited at the site in nest to which a large alpha male can enter. We made a hypothesis that females can control paternity distribution by selecting such sita as spawning site. Female control of paternity distribution in cooperative breeding vertebrates has been suggested, The test of this hypothesis will be the first example of female control of paternity distribution in extra-fertilizing animals.N.savoryi is known as a haremic cichlid. We found that this fish has helpers, probably related. Cooperative breeding with related helpers has been reported in birds as well as cichlids, but both in birds and cichlids breeding members are of pairs. Thus ; the cooperative breeding of N.savoryi will the first example in haremio mating system. We will examine the relatedness between adults and helpers using samples. We brought ca. 40 individuals of N.savoryi to the laboratory of Osaka City University. Using these live fish, we will conduct aquarium experiment on the cooperative breeding of this fish, Less