Constraints on the size, geometry and structural evolution of the storage locations in a volcanic plumbing system using diffusion-based physical modelling: a case study at Mt. Etna (Italy) and Laacher See (Germany) volcano

尽管有现代地球物理方法，但对岩浆储层的大小、几何形状和结构演化这三个重要方面的限制仍然很差。这些限制条件对于充分了解危险火山喷发哺育系统的范围和行为至关重要。我们将(a)开发一种基于扩散的工具，以限制构成火山管道系统的单个岩浆储存位置的物理范围和几何形状。作为先决条件，这种“物理建模”将包括(b)对岩浆泥中晶体行为的实验研究，以及(c)在连通性、物理条件和储存时间方面详细描述各个储存地点。来自两座截然不同的火山——埃特纳火山（意大利）和拉切湖火山（德国）——的样本将被研究。首先，将扩散和热模拟与实验结果相结合，将岩浆系统的不同形状和大小与相应的温度-时间历史进行分类。不同的存储位置将被识别和表征使用现代方法系统分析，以及热力学和动力学建模。最后，将此表征结果与校准目录进行比较，以找到最适合Laacher See和Mt. Etna每个存储位置的尺寸和形状。该项目将是有史以来第一个对活火山或休眠火山内储存地点的大小和结构进行限制的研究。它将开发出一种新的、独创的基于扩散的工具，可以应用于任何其他火山。该工具的应用将填补火山研究中存在的结构变化方面的数据空白，并将有助于火山监测。考虑到埃特纳火山（mount Etna）可能受到的破坏，以及史前爆发火山拉切湖（Laacher See）最近出现的复活迹象，该项目也很及时。埃特纳火山的观测结果将被通报给意大利的埃特纳天文台。PI已经在Laacher See的一小块区域成功地测试了该模型的初级版本。这些试点结果以及PI在实验和扩散/数值模拟方面的经验确保了该项目的成功。它将作为PI的第一个博士后项目进行，并且非常符合DFG的“早期职业支持”的关键目标之一。

Despite modern geophysical methods, the constraints on the size, geometry and structural evolution – three important aspects – of magma reservoirs remain poor. These constraints are essential to fully understand the extent and behavior of the eruption feeding systems beneath dangerous volcanoes. We will (a) develop a diffusion-based tool to constrain the physical extent and geometry of the individual magma storage locations that make up a volcanic plumbing system. This ‘physical modelling’ will involve, as prerequisites, (b) experimental investigation of the behavior of crystals in a magma mush, and (c) detailed characterization of the individual storage locations in terms of connectivity, physical conditions and storage times. Samples from two very distinct volcanoes - Mt. Etna (Italy) and Laacher See (Germany) – will be studied. At first, diffusion and thermal modelling will be combined with results from the experiments to catalogue different shapes and their sizes with corresponding temperature-time histories of magmatic systems. Different storage locations will be identified and characterized using modern methods of system analysis, and thermodynamic and kinetic modelling. Finally, the results from this characterization will be compared with the calibrated catalogues to find the best fitting size and shape for each of the storage locations in Laacher See and Mt. Etna. The project will be the first ever study to constrain the size and structure of the storage locations within any volcano - active or dormant. It would develop a new and original diffusion-based tool that can be applied to any other volcano. The applications of this tool will fill the data gaps existing in terms of structural changes in volcanic studies, and will assist in volcano monitoring. The project is also timely considering the damage potential of Mt. Etna and the recent reactivation signs of Laacher See, a pre-historic explosive volcano. The results on Etna will be communicated to the Etna observatory in Italy. The PI has already successfully tested a primary version of the model on a small section of Laacher See. These pilot results along with the PI’s experience in experiments and diffusion/numerical modelling ensure the success of this project. It will be conducted as the PI’s first postdoctoral project and fits well into one of DFG’s key objectives of ‘early career support’.