Study of the Correspondence of Early Buddhist Literatures

研究早期佛教的主要资料是小乘佛教在东南亚传播的巴利文经典，其次是中国的《阿迦玛经》。关于佛教早期各派经典的对应表，赤沼早在70年前就出版了《中国阿伽玛经与巴利尼伽玛经比较目录》一书。但正如书名所示，这本书几乎只显示了中文《阿迦玛经》和巴利《尼迦亚经》之间的对应关系，特别是在藏文译本和《目录》出版后自然出版的印度文本（主要是梵文碎片）中往往缺乏对应关系。因此，《目录》需要大量补充，或者更确切地说，需要进行根本性的修订。本研究的目的是在提供科学研究补助金期间尽可能从根本上修订《目录》。根据包括我的发现在内的国内外研究成果，研究结果是中国三玉玉（大正，第99号）与另一个中国三玉玉（大正，第100号）以及用巴利文、梵文、其他印度语言、汉语和藏文写成的经文的对应表。中国的三玉田玉（taiisho, No.99）在赤沼的目录中占有很大的比重。在目录中发现的主要信件补充如下：巴利文评论；先后在印度、巴基斯坦、尼泊尔、中亚等地发现的与佛教有关的梵文手稿和碑文；用梵语或另一种印度语言写的印度教和耆那教文本；以及后来的佛教典籍，如《阿毗达摩》和《瑜伽罗经》，它们引用或评论了三玉玉。

The main material for the study of early Buddhism is the Pali canon, which the Theravada sect has transmitted in Southeast Asia, and the second one in quantity is Chinese Agamas. Regarding a correspondence table among early Buddhist canons of various sects, Akanuma already published the book entitled "The Comparative Catalogue of Chinese Agamas and Pali Nikayas" seventy years ago. But as the title shows, the book indicates almost only the correspondence between Chinese Agamas and Pali Nikayas, often lacking in correspondence found especially in Tibetan translations and naturally Indic texts (mostly Sanskrit fragments) published after the issue of the Catalogue. Thus the Catalogue requires large addition, or rather fundamental revision. The present study was intended to revise the Catalogue fundamentally as much as possible within the period when the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research is supplied. The result of research, which is based on domestic and foreign studies including my findings, is a correspondence table of every sutra of the Chinese Samyuktagama (Taisho, No. 99) with another Chinese Samyuktagama (Taisho, No. 100) and texts written in Pali, Sanskrit, other Indic languages, Chinese and Tibetan. The Chinese Samyuktagama (Taisho, No.99) occupies a big part in the Akanuma's Catalogue. The main addition to correspondences found in the Catalogue is as follows: Pali commentaries; Sanskrit manuscripts and inscriptions related to Buddhism which have been discovered in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Central Asia, etc. one after another; the Hindu and Jaina texts written in Sanskrit or another Indic language Ardhamagadhi; and later Buddhist texts such as the Abhidharma and Yogacara texts which cite or comment the Samyuktagama.