Historical Studies on the sociability of Political Exiles and Emigrants who left the Fascist Italy for France.

我这项研究的目的是分析法西斯时代法国意大利政治流亡者和移民之间社会交往的各个方面，尽管人们通常认为“流亡者”和“移民”生活在不同的生活空间中。首先，通过分析统计数据，我发现意大利的皮埃蒙特和托斯卡纳地区向法国移民的人数最多，而在法西斯时代，这些地区有很多政治流亡者离开自己的国家前往法国。在法国，意大利流亡者居住在普罗旺斯地区或巴黎地区，与移民一样多。其次，我分析了Luigi Campolonghi的生活和政治活动，他出生于托斯卡纳的马萨卡拉省，为组织和动员在法国的意大利移民进行反法西斯运动做出了巨大的努力。我从这一分析中发现，Campolonghi在经济上被承包，在生活上得到了意大利移民的很多帮助，特别是1898年他第一次流亡到法国的工匠，在法西斯时代，他走遍了法国的意大利移民社区，并召开了反法西斯会议，以组织和动员他们。第三，也是最后，我选择了比萨省的一个小镇Calcinaia作为案例研究，并利用罗马国家中央档案馆的历史文献“Casellario Politico Centrale”，对Calcinaia的流亡者进行了人物学研究。然后，我展示了大多数政治流亡者（共61人）在墨索里尼掌权后20多岁时离开家乡，在法国的白羊座和地区生活。在20世纪20年代后半期和30年代初，大部分流亡者放弃了他们的政治活动，但在埃塞俄比亚战争（1935-1936）之后，他们中的一些人又回到了政治中，并进行了动员意大利移民社区的宣传。

My intention of this study is to analyze the diverse aspects of the sociability between Italian political exiles and emigrants in France during the Fascist Era, while it may be usually thought that ‘exiles' and ‘emigrants' are living in the different living space. First of all, analyzing the statistical data, I showed that Piedmont and Tuscany in Italy sent the most numerous emigrants to France, while so many political exiles in the same regions left their country for France during the Fascist Era. In France, Italian exiles were resident in the Provence region or in the zone of Paris, as much as the emigrants.Secondly, I analyzed the life and political activity of Luigi Campolonghi, who was born in the Massa Carrara province of Tuscany, and made grand efforts to organize and mobilize the Italian immigrants in France for the antifascist movements. I revealed from this analysis that Campolonghi was economically contracted and received much aid for life from the Italian immigrants, especially from the artisans in 1898 when he exiled for the first time to France, and that during the Fascist era, he rounded all around the Italian immigrant communities in France and made the antifascist conferences in order to organize and mobilize them.Thirdly and lastly, I chose Calcinaia, a small town in the province of Pisa, to make a case study, and utilizing as the historical documents ‘Casellario Politico Centrale' of the National Central Archive at Rome, I made a prosopograhic research on the exiles from Calcinaia. Then, I showed that most political exiles (totally 61 persons) left their hometown at the age of 20's just after the seizure of power of Mussolini and lived in France at Aries and in the district. I also revealed that in the last half of 1920s and early 1930s, most exiles abandoned their political activities, but some of them came back to the politics after the Ethiopian War (1935-1936) and made the propaganda to mobilize the Italian immigrant communities.