Research and Study in the Folklore Based upon the Inquio Custom and the Retirement system for the Aged in Aging

本研究首先考虑了传统社会中老年人的代际交接和民俗的传承与延续问题。在神社工作的人没有退休制度。这就提出了一个问题：当一个人意识到自己即将步入老年时，他们以前的工作经验如何传递给下一代？为了回答这个问题，笔者观察了在岛根县矢冢郡鹿岛町田宫内的萨达神社举行的小登赛祭，并对参加该祭的人进行了连续的采访。一位年过半百的靖国神社职员努力将他在50多年的工作中获得的所有知识传授给即将成为他继任者的年轻人。本案例提出了专业知识传承与延续的两个重要主题，即“专业知识的传承与某种精神的传承”和“可教与不可教”的存在。本研究的第二个主题是城市退休领薪员工的“归属感”。大部分男性是上世纪30年代出生的，大学毕业后从事钢铁、造船、汽车、电器和石油化工等行业。在日本经济快速增长期间和之后，这些人的公司经历了好时光和坏时光。这项研究揭示了这些70多岁的老人在退休后活动的多样性。他们包括在日本国际协力机构担任高级志愿者，在咨询工作中利用他们的专业知识和经验，爱好如围棋，高尔夫和网球，参与公寓建筑协会和体验农村生活。至于退休后的社交活动，大学同龄人的定期聚会或大学俱乐部成员的聚会并不少见。这项研究表明，这些男性从他们的母校寻求归属感，而不是从他们工作多年的公司。少

This study first considers the question of the generational handover from the elderly and the transmission and continuation of folk customs in traditional society. There is no inkyo (retirement) system for persons who work in shrines. This raises the question of how their previous work experience is passed on to the next generation when an individual recognizes the approach of old age. In order to answer this question, the author observed the Kodensai festival held at Sada Shrine in Sadamiyauchi, Kashima-cho, Yatsuka-gun, Shimane Prefecture and conducted successive interviews with participants in the festival. One shrine employee who is currently over seventy made an effort to pass on all the knowledge he had acquired in his 50-plus years of service to the young person who was to be his successor. Two important themes to come out of this case concerning the handing down and continuation of professional knowledge were the "passing down of know-how and the passing down of a certain menta … More lity" and the existence of "the teachable and the unteachable".The second subject of this study was the "sense of belonging" of retired salaried company employees from urban areas. Most of the men were born in the 1930's and once they had graduated from university were engaged in the steel, shipbuilding, automobile, electrical appliance and petrochemical industries. These men experienced both good times and bad as their companies moved ahead during and after Japan's period of rapid economic growth. The study revealed the diversity of the activities of these men, now in their seventies, during their retirement years. They include working as senior volunteers for the Japan International Cooperation Agency, advisory work in which they utilize their specialist knowledge and experience, hobbies such as the game of go, golf and tennis, involvement in apartment building associations and experiencing rural life. As for socializing after retirement, regular gatherings of their university contemporaries or gatherings of university club members were not uncommon. This study showed that the men sought a sense of belonging from their alma mater rather than from the companies for which they had worked for many years. Less