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Research and Study in Folklore Based upon Regional Differences in Roles and Reasons for

基于区域差异的民俗学研究与研究

基本信息

批准号：
12610320
负责人：
SEKIZAWA Mayumi
金额：
$ 1.22万
依托单位：
National Museum of Japanese History
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12610320/
关键词：
Aging Society the Aged Reasons for Living for the Aged Folklore the folk custom of mura-inkyo village retirement the miyaza (council of elders representing families associated with a local shrine)60歳長老衆苗村神社由緒『隠居と定年』老い神社祭祀

项目摘要

This research comprises fieldwork that investigates the roles and reasons for living of the aged in traditional communal societies that serve as strategies and measures for enhancing old age. Particular attention was paid to the folk custom of mura-inkyo (village retirement) in communities in the Kinki region. According to the custom of mura-inkyo, all males 1 retire from village administration when they reach 60 years of age, whereupon they assume central roles in the miyaza (council of elders representing families associated with a local shrine) related to rituals involving tutelary deities. The service to the shrine performed by the elders who make up the miyaza produced substantial changes in the individuals involved. We witnessed at close hand elderly people whose feelings of gratitude toward deities and nature were being deepened through various experiences such as shojin kessai, a purification ritual involving abstinence from meat, fish and alcohol, and first-hand experience of … More serious illness. We were able to detect a transformation from being merely an old person to being a sanctified elder.Even in communities such as farming villages in the Tohoku region and urban neighborhoods in Kyoto City where there is no formal system of traditional communities for handing roles over to the next generation or changes in roles as a result of mura-inkyo, a time comes when the people living there realize that some day they will grow old. It was in this connection that we interviewed veterans from the war, who have personal experience in confronting death, which lies at the other end of old age. Two interesting phenomena came out of these interviews. One is the diversity of forms in which they expressed their feelings toward those who died in the war. The second is the individual sense of loss that encompasses the acquisition of a means of expressing those feelings toward the dead. The point at which these people experience this loss and acquisition is the point at which they begin to think about what remains of their lives, and in most cases the occurred after they had turned sixty. We were able to confirm that this realization that they must do the things they had yet to do during the time remaining gave them reasons for living and that there existed reasons for living that were brought about by internal changes within an individual that were separate from the reasons for living for the aged provided within the miyaza system for elders in the Kinki region. This research uses specific examples to make a comparison of the reasons for living found within the miyaza system and the reasons for living found within an individual's life. Less

这项研究包括实地考察，调查老年人在传统社区社会中生活的作用和原因，作为提高老年人生活水平的战略和措施。对近畿地区各社区的村隐（村隐）民俗给予了特别关注。根据村隐教的习俗，所有男性1在年满60岁时从村庄管理机构退休，随后他们在与守护神相关的仪式相关的miyaza（代表与当地神社相关的家庭的长老理事会）中担任核心角色。组成宫座的长老们对神社的服务使所涉及的个人发生了实质性的变化。我们亲眼目睹了老年人通过各种体验，如shojin kessai，一种涉及禁食肉，鱼和酒精的净化仪式，以及第一手经验，加深了对神灵和自然的感激之情。 ...更多信息严重的疾病。我们可以发现，从单纯的老人到神圣的老人的转变。即使是在东北地区的农村和京都市的城市社区等没有正式的传统社区制度来将角色移交给下一代或因村印教而改变角色的社区，生活在那里的人也会意识到自己有一天会变老。正是在这一点上，我们采访了战争中的退伍军人，他们有面对死亡的亲身经历，死亡位于老年的另一端。从这些访谈中，我们发现了两个有趣的现象。一是他们表达对战争死难者感情的形式多种多样。第二种是个人的失落感，包括获得一种表达对死者感情的方式。这些人经历这种失去和获得的时刻是他们开始思考他们生命中剩下的东西的时刻，在大多数情况下，这发生在他们60岁之后。我们能够确认，他们必须在剩余的时间里做他们还没有做的事情，这一认识给了他们生活的理由，并且存在着生活的理由，这些理由是由个人内部的变化带来的，与在近畿地区为老年人提供的宫座制度中提供的老年人生活的理由不同。本研究通过具体实例，对宫宅制度中的生存理由与个人生活中的生存理由进行了比较。少