The Strategy and Governance of Small Technology-Based Private Firms

本研究是针对科技型民营小企业的治理结构、核心能力、高层管理者的前瞻性行为、外部环境等因素对战略与绩效影响的综合性研究。首先，通过文献回顾和讨论构建了几个假设，并使用日本1349家小型技术型私营企业的数据进行了验证。分析表明：（1）家族式治理结构对企业战略没有影响，但对企业绩效有负向影响;（2）竞争优势越强的民营企业越倾向于采用前瞻性战略;（3）高层管理者的前瞻性行为越多，民营企业越倾向于采用前瞻性战略;（4）民营企业采取的前瞻性战略越多，其取得高绩效的可能性越大;（5）在不利的环境中，采用前瞻性战略的民营企业往往具有更高的绩效。 ...更多信息 高性能。其次，通过扩展企业的知识观，本研究开发了一个纵向的战略变化模型，并使用日本301家小型技术型私人企业的两个时期的数据来检验该模型。分析结果表明：（1）内部和外部监控活动可能在结构因素与创新之间起中介作用;（2）创新可能在外部/内部监控活动与企业绩效之间起中介作用;（3）内部和外部监控活动可能在企业绩效与结构因素之间起中介作用。最后，通过邮寄同样的调查问卷的公司谁被授予“本富兰克林技术合作伙伴计划”由宾夕法尼亚州政府，118家公司返回的问卷。结果表明：（1）美国和日本企业在战略和家族导向治理方面没有差异;（2）美国和日本的家族成员在继任企业中拥有较高的投票权;（3）美国和日本的高绩效企业注重前瞻性战略。日本企业重视技术积累和成本效率，而美国企业则追求利基战略;（4）关于美国和日本高绩效企业的高层管理行为的差异，日本企业重视有远见的行为，而美国企业重视对行业的分析。少

This research is the comprehensive one about the factors affecting strategy and performance of small technology-based private firms by focusing on their governance structures, core capabilities, top management's visionary behaviors, and external environment. First, several hypotheses were constructed from the literature review and discussions, and tested by using the data from 1349 small technology-based private firms in Japan. The analyses showed : (1) family-oriented governance structures had no impact on strategies, but had a negative effect on performance ; (2) the higher competitive advantages a private firm had, the more prospective strategy it was likely to employ ; (3) the more visionary behaviors top management had, the more prospective strategy a private firm was likely to employ ; (4) the more prospective strategy a private firm took, the more likely it was to achieve high performance ; and (5) private firms with prospective strategy in a hostile environment tended to have h … More igh performance. Secondly, by extending the knowledge-based view of the firm, this research developed a longitudinal model of strategic change, and tested the model by using a two-period data from 301 small technology-based private firms in Japan. The analyses generally showed : (1) internal and external monitoring activities were likely to mediate relationships between configurational factors and innovations ; (2) innovations were likely to mediate relationships between external/internal monitoring activities and corporate performance ; and (3) internal and external monitoring activities were likely to mediate relationships between corporate performance and configurational factors. Finally, by mailing the same questionnaire to firms who were awarded by "Ben Franklin Technology Partners Program" by the Pennsylvania State Government, 118 firms returned the questionnaire. The comparative analyses showed : (1) there was no difference for strategy and family-oriented governance between U.S. and Japanese firms ; (2) family members had high voting shares in U.S. and Japanese succeeding firms ; (3) U.S. and Japanese high-performers focused on prospective strategy. While Japanese firms emphasized accumulation of technology and cost-efficiency, U.S. firms sought niche strategy ; (4) as for the differences in top management's behaviors between U.S. and Japanese high-performers, while Japanese firms emphasized visionary behaviors, U.S. firms emphasized analyses of the industry. Less