Environmental Sociology on Victimizers-Victims Relationships about Problem of Itai-itai Disease and Cadmium poisoning

环境镉污染导致镉中毒。世界上发现的第一个镉污染地区是日本富山县的金祖江流域。在这一地区，河流被矿渣污染，稻田土壤通过灌溉水被重金属污染。因此，由于受污染的水和大米长期暴露在镉中，导致镉在盆地居民的身体组织中过度积累，特别是在肾脏中。镉中毒最严重的病例是伊泰-伊泰病(骨软化症)，这是1968年被日本政府正式确认为污染相关疾病，另一种不太严重的病例是镉肾病(肾小管功能障碍)。换言之，伊泰-伊泰病的发生只是冰山一角。肾小管功能障碍是慢性镉中毒最早、最常见的不良后果。日本公共卫生协会镉研究委员会在环境厅的支持下，在1976-1984年期间在8个县的镉污染地区进行了健康调查，报告称，不仅在富山，在石川县、兵库县和长崎县也发现了许多肾小管功能障碍病例。然而，环保局和研究委员会从未证明这种肾功能障碍是与污染有关的疾病。本研究的另一个主题是从环境社会学的角度，通过对患者、患者家属和其他代理人的访谈，描述兵库县宜池河流域和石川县鹿桥河流域镉污染造成的损害和斗争的历史。

Environmental cadmium pollution causes cadmium poisoning. The first cadmium-polluted area ever discovered in the world was the Jinzu River basin in Toyama Prefecture in Japan. In this area, the river was contaminated by slag from a mine and the soil of the rice paddies was polluted with heavy metals through irrigation water.Consequently, prolonged exposure to cadmium due to contaminated water and rice resulted in an excessive accumulation of cadmium in the body tissues, especially in the kidney, in the inhabitants of the basin.The most severe case of cadmium poisoning is Itai-itai disease(osteomalacia), which was officially recognized as a pollution-related disease by the Japanese government in 1968, and a less severe case is Cadmium nephropathy (tubular kidney dysfunction). In other words, the occurrence of Itai-itai disease is only the "tip of the iceberg". The tubular kidney dysfunction is the earliest and most prevalent adverse result of chronic cadmium poisoning. The Japan Public Health Association Cadmium Research Committee, supported by the Environmental Agency, carried out health surveys in cadmium-polluted areas of 8 prefectures during the period of 1976-1984 and reported that many cases of tubular kidney dysfunction were found not only in Toyama but also in Ishikawa, Hyogo and Nagasaki prefectures. However, the Environmental Agency and the research committee have never certified this kidney dysfunction as a pollution-related disease. We considered why this situation has arisen in the case of cadmium poisoning.Another main theme of this study is to describe the history of damages and struggle around cadmium pollution in Ichi River Basin in Hyogo Prefecture and Kakehasi River Basin in Ishikawa Prefecture, based on interviews with patients, families of patients and other agents from the viewpoint of environmental sociology.