A Study on the Reconstruction of the Order, Roof Structure and the Architectural Design of the Stoas of the Asklepieion at Ancient Messene

梅塞尼是伯罗奔尼撒半岛上一个重要的希腊化城市，阿斯克勒庇俄神庙位于城市中心，是梅塞尼的主要圣殿。多立克外围的阿斯克勒庇俄斯神庙建在一个方形的庭院里，四周被篱笆围起来。1)秩序的恢复教堂有两个科林斯式的柱廊。内、外柱廊的每一柱均由带芦苇凹槽的轴和刻有爱神等高浮雕的科林斯式柱头组成。带有三排筋膜的门楣和带有牛头和圣餐杯浮雕的门楣是用一块木板做成的。檐板上有齿状纹饰，檐板上有狮头和字母的司马像。司马块包含由石灰石制成的科林斯瓷砖形状的部分。2)屋顶结构的修复通过对木结构痕迹的调查，我们发现每个屋顶都是由斜梁支撑的，朝向庭院倾斜。然而，小屋内部的内半部分的天花板向后墙倾斜，形成了内部，好像屋顶是向两侧倾斜的。3)修道院的建筑设计通过对阿斯克勒佩翁神庙与修道院的空间比例分析，得出以下结论：作为初始尺寸，庙宇的宽度为40古尺，南北山脉的长度约为庙宇宽度的四倍，东西山脉的长度约为庙宇宽度的三倍半。石阶的测量是由寺庙轴向柱间的简单比例关系推导出来的。

Messene was an important Hellenistic city in Peloponnesus and the Asklepieion was located in the city center and was the main sanctuary in Messene. The Doric peripteral Temple of Asklepios was built in a square court which was enclosed by stoas.1)Restoration of the orderThe stoas have two colonnades with Corinthian order. The each column of inner and outer colonnade was composed of shaft with reeded fluting and Corinthian Capital with high relief of Eros or the like. The architrave with three rows of fasciae and the frieze with relief of bull-head and chalice formed out of one block. The cornice with dentils seated on the frieze and the Sima with lion-head and antefix seated on the cornice block. The Sima block contained Corintian-tile-shapen parts made of limestone.2)Restoration of roof structureThe investigation of the traces of the wooden structure revealed us that the every roof, being supported by sloped beams, was built sloped toward the court. However, the inner halves of the interior of the stoas had ceilings which sloped toward the back walls, forming the interior as if the roofs had been built sloped toward both sides.3)Architectural Desigh of the StoasThrough the analysis of the dimensional proportion of the temple and stoas at the Asklepieion, the following conclusion was given. As initial dimensions, the width of the temple was given as 40 ancient feet, the length of south and north stoas were given as about four times as long as the width of temple, and the length of east and west stoas were given as about three and a half times. The measurements of the order of stoas are derived from the simple proportional relationships with axial intercolumniation of the temple.