Effects of bean resistant starches and mushroom fibers on lipid metabolism in rats.

1.与喂食纤维素饮食的大鼠相比，喂食赤豆、金豆和青豆的酶抗性组分的大鼠的低胆固醇血症效果明显。酶抗性组分升高粪便酸性类固醇排泄，并降低血清总胆固醇、HDL-胆固醇和VLDL + IDL + LDL-胆固醇浓度。结果表明，红小豆抗酶组分的降胆固醇作用可能与红小豆抗酶组分提高了胆固醇7α-羟化酶的mRNA水平，红小豆抗酶组分提高了SR-B1的mRNA水平，红小豆抗酶组分促进了红小豆抗酶组分的粪便类固醇排泄有关。通过降低血清天冬氨酸转氨酶活性和肝脏脂质过氧化物浓度，提高肝脏GSH浓度、GSH还原酶和过氧化氢酶活性，从而达到抗氧化的目的。本研究的结果表明，红豆皮的水提取物对乙酰氨基酚诱导的肝毒性通过肝脏GSH抗氧化/解毒系统在大鼠中的保护作用。但红小豆水提物的保肝机制及有效成分有待进一步研究。3.香菇纤维对大鼠血清胆固醇的降低作用明显优于纤维素。纤维在香菇纤维组中升高肝脏LDL受体mRNA水平，在香菇纤维组中降低HDL-胆固醇浓度，并且在灰树花纤维和香菇纤维组中增强粪便胆固醇排泄。结果表明，摄入灰太鸭纤维和enokitake纤维减弱了试验大鼠血清总胆固醇和VLDL + IDL + LDL-胆固醇浓度的增加。

1.The hypocholesterolemic effects in rats fed the enzyme-resistant fractions of adzuki, kintoki and tebou beans were evident compared with rats fed a cellulose diet. The enzyme-resistant fractions elevated fecal acidic steroid excretions, and reduced the serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and VLDL + IDL + LDL-cholesterol concentrations. It appears that the cholesterol-lowering effect of enzyme-resistant fractions is due to the enhanced cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase mRNA level in the adzuk, kintoki and tebou groups, SR-B1 mRNA level in the adzuki group, and fecal steroid excretion accelerated by SCFA in the adzuk, kintoki and tebou groups.2.It was suppressed the acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats administrated a water extract of adzuki bean hulls, by the lowering of serum aspartate aminotransferase activity and hepatic lipid peroxide concentration, and by the increasing of hepatic GSH concentration, GSH reductase and catalase activities. The results of this study demonstrate the protective action of the water extract of adzuki bean hulls against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity via the hepatic GSH antioxidant/detoxification system in rats. However, the hepatoprotective mechanism and the active components of the adzuki bean water extract require further investigation.3.The serum cholesterol lowering effects in rats of the mushroom fibers were evident compared with rats fed cellulose. The fibers elevated the hepatic LDL receptor mRNA level in the enokitake fiber group, reduce the HDL-cholesterol concentration in the enokitake group and enhance the fecal cholesterol excretion in the maitake fiber and enokitake fiber groups. The results demonstrate that ingestion of the maitake-and enokitake-fibers attenuated increases in the serum total cholesterol and VLDL + IDL + LDL-cholesterol concentrations in test rats.