Establishment of prevention of the viral outbreaks in schools

诺如病毒（NV）在学校的大规模暴发已成为一个社会大问题。一年级学生在一所小学的教室里呕吐，846人中有278人调查了NV感染的例子。呕吐物是感染源，1g呕吐物中存在超过1000万个NV。感染扩散的原因是呕吐治疗不当。在N县600余名学生发生NV食源性疾病的暴发中，感染源是餐馆的烹饪区被NV污染，然后是食品加工人员污染的食品。在学校的烹饪区使用一次性手套不直接接触食物是很重要的。在学校等发生的NV大规模爆发的预防措施的建议，只要有机会，正在执行。由于进行了脑炎患者的肠道病毒基因的数量由2003年产生的肠病毒71人，在病毒粒子的直肠拭子的数量比脑脊液中的数量多。近年来在学校等多种腺病毒流行时，对快速诊断方法的检测灵敏度进行了测定，结果显示PCR法>实时PCR法>病毒分离法>免疫层析法，免疫层析法的检测灵敏度虽好，但阴性结果并不总是阴性的。

Mass outbreaks in the school by norovirus(NV) has been a social big problem. The first grader vomited in the classroom of a elementary school, and 278 out of 846 persons investigated the example infected with NV. The vomit were the source of the infection and more than 10 million NV(s) existed into the 1g vomiting. The cause of the infection spreading was the improper treatment of the vomiting. It was indicated proper disinfecting of vomit were important for mass outbreaks prevention.In the outbreak that a little more than 600 students in N prefecture had foodborne illness by NV, the source of the infection was that the cooking area of the restaurant was contaminated by NV and then the foods contaminated with foodhandlers. Using disposable gloves for not touching directly food in cooking area of school is important. The proposal of the preventive measure of mass outbreak by NV which has occurred in school etc. is being performed whenever there is an opportunity.As a result of carrying out the quantity of the enterovirus gene of the encephalitis patient by the enterovirus 71 of one person generated in 2003,the quantity of rectum swab in virions were more numbers than the cerebrospinal liquid. When many adenovirus were epidemic in school etc. and measured the detection sensitivity of the quick diagnostic method in recent years, it was high in order of the PCR method ≒ real-time PCR method > virus separation > immunno-curomato method.Although the detection sensitivity of the immunnochromatographic test is good, the negative results are not always negative.