The Development of Audio-Visual Education Aids and Teaching Methods of Transfer skills

在德国和瑞士，我们参观了一个探访护士站，一个为残疾成年人服务的设施，以及一个将运动美学引入护理的老年设施。我们了解到运动美学的积极作用；照顾者下腰痛的减轻，以及接受护理的人日常生活能力的改善。运动美学培训由运动美学研究所的培训员提供，包括临床培训。我们的总体判断是，目前将动觉训练直接引入日本护理教育是困难的，但我们主张将动觉技术纳入基本护理技能的教学中。我们还进行了两种将病人从床上转移到轮椅上的方法的实证研究：日本传统的从仰卧位直接坐到床边的方法；以及从仰卧位转移到侧位的动觉法，即…然后又到了床边。研究对象为12名护生。他们采用了这两种转位方法，并报告称，后者对他们下背部施加的负荷比前者更小(p&lt；0.05)。后者的髋关节屈曲角度大于前者(p&lt；0.05)。他们还体验了两种方法从仰卧位到坐在床边的姿势变化。他们觉得后者的运动比前者更稳定(p&lt；0.05)。后一种方法包括在我们准备的如何将病人从床上转移到轮椅上的培训的视听教具(CD材料和小册子)中。这些材料的内容包括准备转移，帮助在床上坐起来，站起来，转动身体，以便能够坐在轮椅上，以及坐在轮椅上。我们利用这些视听教具，对4个神经外科病房的护士进行了转岗培训。培训结束后，我们观察了护士们用来预防腰痛、支持患者自然动作的动作。较少

In Germany and Switzerland we visited a visiting nursing station, a facility for handicapped adults, and a geriatric facility in which kinaesthetics had been introduced into care. We learned of the positive effects of kinaesthetics ; the reduction in caregivers' lower back pain and the improvement in Activities of Daily Living of persons receiving care. Training in kinaesthetics was provided by trainers of the kinaesthetics institute, including clinical training. Our overall judgment is that it would be difficult to introduce kinaesthetics training directly into Japanese nursing education right now, but we would advocate the inclusion of kinaesthetic techniques in the teaching of basic nursing skills.We also conducted empirical research comparing two methods of transferring patients from bed to wheelchair: the conventional method in Japan of moving directly from a supine position to sitting on the edge of the bed; and the kinaesthetic method of moving from supine to lateral position, a … More nd then to the edge of the bed. The subjects were 12 nursing students. They employed both methods of transfer, and reported that the latter imposed less load on their lower backs than the former (p<0.05). The angle at bending the hip in the latter was larger than that in the former (p<0.05). They also experienced the change in position from supine position to sitting on the edge of bed by the two methods. They felt that the latter comprised a more stable motion than the former (p<0.05). The latter method was included in audio-visual education aids (CD material and brochure) which we prepared for training in how to transfer patients from bed to wheelchair. The contents of these materials included preparation for transfer, help with sitting up in bed, getting up, and turning the body so as to be able to sit in the wheelchair, and sitting down on the wheelchair. We held a training session on transfer for nurses in 4 neurosurgical units, using these audio-visual education aids. After the training, we observed the motions used by the nurses to prevent lower back pain, and to support the patient's natural movements. Less