Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions and Social Context Analysis for Safe Events

由于采取了遏制SARS-CoV-2的措施，节日、音乐会和体育赛事等活动已经严重减少。事件作为社会背景和语境，发挥着重要的社会功能。它们促进了社会交流、文化创新、政治参与，并提供了社会心理救济。尽管事件在经济、文化和社会上具有重要意义，但尚未找到一个持久令人信服的重新开放的概念。重要的是，这是由于相互作用的社会、技术和组织组成部分，甚至在SARS-CoV-2大流行之前就使活动的规划和实现变得复杂。然而，到目前为止，还没有一个科学认可的方案来评估重新开放的活动的概念，活动组织者、审批当局和活动服务提供商可以用来进行以事实为导向的指导。Normise旨在填补这一空白，并在事件的社会和组织背景下关注人群安全和职业健康与安全。成功的非药物干预(NPI)感染预防不仅需要有效，而且可行(使之能够实施)和可接受(使人们更有可能合作)。为了在确凿的基础上加强在复杂的社会-技术背景下评估预防感染的NPI的能力，将使用混合方法设计：根据文献审查和半结构化专家访谈的见解，将确定用于安全重启活动的相关NPI。在第二步，将检查这些干预措施的可接受性、可行性和有效性。一项具有代表性的在线人口调查将评估对与活动有关的国家机构执行情况的接受程度。将在由利益攸关方参加的讲习班上评估在活动背景下采取的措施的可行性和有效性。NORMALISE将提供科学和实际成果，以重振复杂的社会技术背景“活动”及其重要的社会和文化功能。作为一个科学成果，将形成一个时间、事实和社会系统化，以确定(大流行病)危机期间组织决策和途径的解释性“模式变量”。此外，还将制定一项多维方案，以评估非营利机构在预防事件相关感染方面的接受度、可行性和有效性。该计划为社会、技术和组织层面的NPIS实施提供了一个有科学依据的基线。该项目建立在两个关于事件安全和安保的跨学科研究项目中首席调查员先前的研究基础上。因此，Normise将受益于与活动部门的长期和值得信赖的联系，并将有可能立即接触到相关利益攸关方。

Events like festivals, concerts and sports events have been severely curtailed because of the measures taken to contain SARS-CoV-2. Events as social settings and contexts fulfill important societal functions. They enable social exchange, cultural innovation, political participation, and provide socio-psychological relief. Despite the economic, cultural, and societal importance of events, a lastingly convincing re-opening concept has not yet been found. Not least, this is due to interacting social, technical and organizational components, which made events complex in planning and realization even before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, so far there is no scientifically recognized scheme for the evaluation of concepts for the reopening of events, which event organizers, approving authorities, and event service providers could use for fact-oriented guidance. NORMALISE aims to fill this gap and focuses on both crowd safety and occupational health and safety in the social and organizational context of events.A successful non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) for infection prevention does not only need to be effective, but also to be feasible (to enable implementation) and acceptable (to make people cooperate more likely). In order to enhance the ability to assess NPIs for the prevention of infections in the complex socio-technical setting of events on a substantiated basis, a mixed-method-design will be used: Based on insights of a literature review and semi-structured expert interviews, relevant NPIs for safe re-opening of events will be identified. In a second step, these interventions will be checked for acceptability, feasibility, and effectivity. A representative online population survey will assess the acceptance of the implementation of event related NPIs. Feasibility and effectivity of measures in event contexts will be evaluated in workshops comprising stakeholders.NORMALISE will deliver scientific and practical results in order to revive the complex socio-technical setting “event” and its important social and cultural function. As a scientific result, a temporal, factual and social systematization for the identification of explanatory “pattern variables” for organizational decisions and pathways during (pandemic) crises will be developed. Additionally, a multidimensional scheme for the evaluation of acceptance, feasibility, and effectiveness of NPIs for event-related infection prevention will be developed. This scheme serves as a scientifically substantiated baseline for socially, technically and organizationally embedded implementation of NPIs.The project builds on prior research of the principal investigator in two transdisciplinary research projects on event safety and security. Therefore, NORMALISE will benefit from the longstanding and trustful connections to the event sector and immediate access to relevant stakeholders will be possible.