Investigation of Burnt Features : Research on Heat Interference and Micro-Burning in Archaeological Features

(1)旧石器时代特征微燃烧的调查为了调查被认为只接受过少量热量的特征，对冈山县Onbara 1遗址和新潟县Mattobara遗址的旧石器时代文化层进行了考古发掘和地球物理调查。在Onbara 1，从文化层O中发现了五种浓度的木炭，可以追溯到大约20000年前。古地磁、ESCA、ESR和火山玻璃方法被用来确定这些特征是否被烧毁。与木炭浓度相关的石器和小岩石的发现表明，这些是旧石器时代人们建造的壁炉的遗迹。一般来说，地球物理调查倾向于支持这一假设，但结果因分析方法而异。在同一土层上建立了实验营火，并对实验结果进行了比较。对绳纹时代的壁炉也进行了分析，那里的土壤变红了，毫无疑问，曾经发生过燃烧。然后将这些特征的结果与旧石器时代的木炭浓度进行比较。(2)热噪声对考古特征影响的调查在广岛市的Midoro、Konzoku、Ohgakeyama和Miyagatani遗址进行了考古和地球物理调查，以确定燃烧可能产生的干扰的影响。前三个地点是铁生产地点。在铁生产现场，挖掘前的探地雷达、磁力计和电阻率调查结果与实际挖掘的结果吻合良好，证实了地球物理方法在确定熔炼炉和其他类似特征位置方面的有效性。需要对木炭生产地点进行进一步研究。

(1) Surveys of Micro-burning in Palaeolithic FeaturesIn order to investigate features which are thought to have received only small amounts of heat, archaeological excavations and geophysical surveys were conducted on Palaeolithic cultural layrs at the Onbara 1 site in Okayama Prefecture and the Mattobara site in Niigata Prefecture. At Onbara 1, five concentrations of charcoal were discovered from Cultural Layr O which dates to about 20,000 BP.Palaeomagnetism, ESCA,ESR,and volcanic glass methods were used to determine if these features had been burnt. Stone tools and small rocks were found associated with the charcoal concentrations suggesting that these were the remains of hearths made by Palaeolithic people. In general the geophysical surveys tended to support this assumption, but results varied depending on the method of analysis. An experimental campfire was built on the same soil stratum and results compared. Analysis was also conducted on Jomon period hearths where the soil was reddened and there was no doubt that burning had occurred. Results from these features were then compared with the Palaeolithic charcoal concentrations.(2) Surveys on the Effects of Heat Noise' on Archaeological FeaturesExcavations and geophysical surveys were conducted at the Midoro, Konzoku, Ohgakeyama and Miyagatani sites in Hiroshima Prefecture in order to determine the effects of possible interference from burning. The first three of these sites are iron production sites. At the iron production sites, results obtained from pre-excavation Ground-Penetrating Radar, magnetometer and resistivity surveys corresponded well whih those from the actual excavations, confirming the effectiveness of geophysical methods for determining the location of smelting furnaces and other similar features. further research is needed on charcoal production sites.