Open Markets in Ghana and Covid-19 interventions. Competing strategies of infection control and lessons for relational urban health

在非洲城市，开放市场往往是至关重要的资产，特别是对弱势群体而言。市场不仅是生计和商品的来源，而且往往还提供几项基本的社会功能、收入和参与。在这方面，市场在提供公共卫生服务方面确实发挥着重要作用。与此同时，这些市场一段时间以来一直被视为公共卫生威胁，并成为卫生法规、重组和缓解拥堵努力的目标，这些努力往往引起激烈的竞争。在当前的新冠肺炎大流行中，许多非洲城市的市场被特别挑出来进行感染控制干预。因此，开放市场是以相互冲突的方式制定自上而下的公共卫生证券化政策和自下而上的生计和社会复原力战略的具体场所。鉴于市场的重要功能，当前干预措施的影响和影响往往不被承认，因此尤为严重。该项目使用定性方法立即评估新冠肺炎干预措施对加纳两个最大开放市场的影响。定向是对健康的一种关系理解，它明确地意识到社会、结构和基于地点的决定因素。有了这个视角，人们就能更好地理解当前干预的影响和效果。这些发现有助于以一种对社会危害较小的方式重新调整感染控制政策。经验案例研究进一步允许详细说明在关键的城市研究中对接近健康的概念贡献。

Open markets are often of vital importance in African cities as assets especially for vulnerable groups. Markets are not only a source of livelihood and goods but often provide several essential social functions, income and participation. Markets in this regard do play an important role for public health provision. At the same time, those markets have been articulated as public health threats for some time and been targeted with hygiene regulations, restructuring and decongestion efforts, often heavily contested. In the current Covid-19 pandemic, markets have been especially singled out for infection control interventions in many African cities. Open markets are therefore concrete sites where top-down policies of securitizing Public Health and bottom-up strategies of livelihood and social resilience are worked out in a conflictive way. The often unacknowledged effects and implications of the current interventions are especially severe given the vital functions of markets.The project engages with an immediate assessment of the implications of Covid-19 interventions at the two largest open markets in Ghana using qualitative methods. Orienting is a relational understanding of health that is explicitly aware of social, structural and place-based determinants. With this perspective, implications and effects of the current intervention become better understood. The findings help to reorient infection-control policies in a socially less harmful way. The empirical case study further allows to detail a conceptual contribution for approaching health in critical urban studies.