Studies on genetic diversities of forest invertebrate communities

在本研究中，重点分析了近缘种间的亲缘关系和多样性。陆生甲虫近缘种的系统发育与遗传多样性。本文在两种昆虫的分布边界及其周围对同翅亚属的甲虫进行了调查。在小种群（Carabus kimurai × C.lewisianus）组合的情况下，通过线粒体DNA分析发现，这种变异可能是基于祖先多态性和过去杂交的影响，这取决于地理特征。另一方面，在中型种（C.insulicola × c.a rowianus）组合中，mtDNA单倍型变异相对简单，存在单向基因渗透。通过核和线粒体DNA的分析，初步揭示了该属的系统发育。通过详细的生殖器形态分析和mtdna分析，明确了该植物包括多个隐种。草食性昆虫近缘种的系统发育与遗传多样性。宁夏地区快速分布的两种天牛的MtDNA类型是一致的。这表明两个物种之间发生了快速的渐渗杂交或最近的基因流动。在对分布于寒温带落叶林中的4种鸭嘴兽的遗传分析中，发现同一种在同一地点的mtDNA类型存在差异。至少在两个种中不具有单系性。这表明物种之间可能存在祖先多态性或渐进杂交。森林无脊椎动物（昆虫）遗传多样性的分析结果因其生态环境，特别是传播能力和亲缘种的共存而存在显著差异。

In the present study, genetic relationships and diversities were analyzed especially focusing the relationships among closely related species.1.Phylogenies and genetic diversities of related species of ground beetles.Beetles belonging to the subgenus Ohomopterus were investigated at and around the distribution borders of two species. In the case of combination of small species group (Carabus kimurai × C.lewisianus), the variation probably based on both ancestral polymorphism and effect of past hybridization depending on the geographical features were recognized by analysis of mitochondrial DNA. On the other hand, in the combination of middle sized species (C.insulicola × C.arrowianus), the variation of mtDNA haplotypes was relatively simple, and one-way introgression of them was recognized.Phylogeny of the genus Plerostichus was roughly revealed by analyses nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. It was clarified that P.thunbergi included plural cryptic species by analyses of detailed genitalia morphology and mtDNA.2.Phylogenies and genetic diversities of related species of herbivorous insects.MtDNA type of the two Anoplophora species that disperse rapidly in Ningxia, China were uniform. It suggests rapid introgressive hybridization occurred or recent gene flow between the two species.In genetic analysis of the four Platycerus species that distributed at the cool temperate deciduous forests, the variations of mtDNA type were recognized within the same species at the same sites. Monophyly was denied at least in two species. It suggests possibility of ancestral polymorphism or introgressive hybridization among the species.The analysis results of the genetic diversity of forest invertebrates (insects) represented remarkable differences depending on their ecology especially dispersal ability and the coexistence of related species.