Deposition of inhaled aerosols: a biological-fluid mechanical analysis of the deposition of particles in a respiratory model to assess the propagation of inhaled agents and the efficiency and toxicity of active substances in human airways using allicin as

严重的呼吸道疾病新冠肺炎是由冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2引起的。主要传播途径是通过气雾剂吸入，即通过与受感染患者直接接触或通过气雾剂间接传播，例如在受污染的房间中。此外，由细菌引起的危及生命的呼吸系统疾病，如肺炎和结核病，通过吸入受感染的飞沫传播。为了更好地了解这些疾病从感染到发病再到住院的过程，必须详细分析含有病毒和细菌的气溶胶在人类呼吸道中的颗粒沉积。有效治疗这些呼吸道疾病需要新的方法、新的药物活性物质以及新的应用策略。呼吸道疾病提供了通过吸入气雾剂使用药物的机会。然而，新的活性物质必须在临床前研究中测试其毒性和有效性。在这种背景下，活性物质气溶胶在呼吸道中的沉积尤为重要。本研究的范围是开发、评估和建立一个全三维、通用的人类呼吸道模型，该模型能够分析现实体外条件下含病毒和含药物的气溶胶在人体呼吸系统中的沉积，并使用生物学和实验流体力学相结合的方法在非动物替代测试系统中评估含药气溶胶的毒性和有效性。

The severe respiratory disease COVID-19 is caused by the corona virus SARS-CoV-2. The primary transmission route is through aerosol inhalation, i.e., airborne droplet infection, either through direct contact with infected patients or indirectly via aerosols, e.g., in contaminated rooms. Also, life-threatening respiratory diseases that are caused by bacteria, e.g., pneumonia and tuberculosis, are transmitted via inhalation of infected droplets. To better understand the progression of these diseases from infection through symptom onset to hospitalization, it is a must to analyze the particle deposition of the virus- and bacteria-containing aerosols in the human airways in detail.An effective treatment of these respiratory diseases requires new approaches new classes of pharmaceutical active agents as well as new application strategies. Respiratory diseases provide the opportunity to apply the drugs via the inhalation of aerosols. New active substances, however, must be tested for their toxicity and efficiency in preclinical studies. In this context, the deposition of the aerosols of active agents in the respiratory tract is of particular importance.The scope of this study is to develop, evaluate and establish a fully three-dimensional, generic model of the human respiratory tract that allows to analyze the deposition of virus- and drug-containing aerosols in the human respiratory system under realistic in vitro conditions and to assess the toxicity and efficiency of drug-containing aerosols in a non-animal alternative test system using a combined approach of biology and experimental fluid mechanics.