The study of systematic method in identifying various populatins from the forensic specimens using polymorphic DNA markers.

系统的法医学标本鉴定程序，无论是来自日本人口或其他民族的人口，有助于解决在日本发生的刑事调查。首先，我们研究了HLA DNA多态性的有用性，以区分日本人口从众多的人口在世界上。我们从11个国际HLA数据中列出了日本人群中特有的、罕见的或缺失的HLA基因和单倍型<th>，并提供了可用的表格来比较日本人和其他种族。其次，我们验证了HLA-SPP（sequence specific primer and probe）分型方法在法医学标本中的应用，特别是从极少量DNA提取中，如一根头发、一片指甲、陈旧的血迹、福尔马林固定和石蜡包埋的组织。这种PCR-SPP方法使得即使是非常少量的DNA也可以对HLA等位基因进行分型。第三，我们证明了位于HLA区域的微卫星标记的区分能力，这是因为在日本人群中，相同HTC（纯合分型细胞）之间的几个位点上的微卫星等位基因类型不同，并且在具有相同频率单倍型（A：2402-C^* 1202-B^*5201-DRB 1 ^*1502-DQB 1 ^*0601）的人之间也不同。这些结果支持HLA-DNA多态性作为鉴定法医学标本是否来源于日本的有用工具。

The systematic procedure for identifying the forensic specimens, whether they are originated from Japanese population or other ethnic populations, is helpful for resolving a criminal investigation happened in Japan. First, we studied the usefulness of HLA DNA polymorphisms to differentiate Japanese population from the numerous populations in the word. We listed characteristic and rare or absent HLA genes and haplotypes in Japanese population from the 11^<th> International HLA data, and made available tables to compare Japanese and other ethnic groups. Second, we validated the HLA-SPP(sequence specific primer and probe) typing method for forensic specimens, especially from extremely small amount of DNA extracted such as a single hair, a piece of nail, aged blood stains, fromalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. This PCR-SPP method has made it possible to type HLA alleles even a very small amount of DNA. Third, we demonstrated a power of discrimination on microsatellite markers located in the HLA region from the results that allele types of microsatellite were different at several loci between the same HTCs (homozygous typing cell), and also different among persons with the same frequent haplotype (A : 2402-C^* 1202-B^*5201-DRB1^*1502-DQB1^*0601) in Japanese population. Theses results supported HLA DNA polymorphisms as a useful tool to identify the forensic specimens originated from Japanese or not.