Development of a finite element model analysing traumatic brain injury for forensic medicine

三维有限元（FEM）人头部模型（6. 06 kg）由皮肤、颅骨和颅内物质（CSF）组成。头部模型的制作采用MRI图像作为皮肤和颅内物质（CSF）的图像，CT图像作为颅骨的图像。该头部模型配备有颈部FEM模型（750 g）和人体FEM模型（60 kg）。模型各部分（皮肤、颅骨和CSF）的材料特性均采用先前发表的文献。采用LS-TC公司生产的LS-Dyna有限元程序，在微机上计算了脑卒中患者在一次打击和一次跌倒实验中，脑卒中侧和对侧颅内压的响应。在500 g啤酒瓶以7 m/s的速度撞击头部模型额部的实验中，计算出撞击侧颅内压为105 kPa，对冲侧颅内压为207 kPa。在另一个600 kg重铁箱撞击枕部（1 m/s）的打击实验中，15 kPa的负压力作用于枕部， ...更多信息 对侧颅内压反应为131 kPa，对侧颅内压反应为131 kPa。在坠落实验中，模型从10米的高度坠落在铁甲板上，头部的枕部区域发生碰撞（5米/秒）。分别取额叶皮质灰质、髓质白色物质、胼胝体和脑桥组织，提取总RNA。这些样本是在对因车祸死亡的头部受伤受试者进行尸检后获得的（存活期：2.5小时至10天）。巢式RT-PCR分析使我们能够从所有这些福尔马林固定的脑组织中检测到β-APP mRNA。皮质灰质和胼胝体中β-APP mRNA的表达较白色质中的表达增强。在用β-APP抗体对这些标本进行免疫组化研究时，仅在存活时间为2.5小时的病例中未检测到。少

A three dimensional finite element (FEM) human head model (6. 06kg) consists of skin, skull and intracranial substance (CSF). The head model is made using the image of MRI for skin and intracranial substance (CSF), and CT for skull. This head model is equipped with a neck FEM model (750g) and a human body FEM model (60kg). Material properties of each part of the model (skin, skull and CSF) are adopted from the literature previously published. We used personal computer and finite element code LS-Dyna made by LS-TC Co. to calculate the intracranial pressure responses in the stroke side and the opposite side of stroke in a blow and a fall experiments. In the blow experiment in which 500g beer bottle collided (7m/sec) with the frontal region of the head model, 105kPa negative intracranial pressure response was calculated in the coup side and 207kPa in the contrecoup one. In the other blow experiment in which 600kg iron heavy box collided (1m/sec) with the occipital region, 15kPa negative i … More ntracranial pressure response was done in the coup side and 131kPa in the contrecoup one. In the fall experiment, the model fell on the iron deck from the height of 10m and the occipital region of the head collided (5m/sec). 30kPa negative intracranial pressure response was calculated in the coup side and 1, 910kPa in the contrecoup one.We extracted total RNA from formalin-fixed tissue samples of the cortical gray matter, medullary white matter of the frontal lobe, corpus callosum, and pons. These samples had been obtained after autopsy of head-injury subjects who died (survival period : 2.5 hours - 10 days) due to vehicular accidents. A nested RT-PCR analysis enabled us to detect β-APP mRNA from all of these formalin-fixed brain tissues. The expression of β-APP mRNA in the cortical gray matter and corpus callosum was increased compared with that in white matter. In the immunohistochemical studies on these samples with β-APP antibody, we couldn't detect only in the the case whose survival period was 2.5 hours. Less