Hospice Nursing Ethics in Japan

本研究的目的是在一个特定的物理和哲学背景下，增加有关日本护理伦理的知识。研究问题为：（1）日本临终关怀护理中出现了哪些伦理问题？(2)这些与a）在综合医院照顾末期病人的太平绅士护士和B）挪威和丹麦（N&D）的临终关怀护士所面临的伦理问题相比如何？(3)这些发现对日本护理伦理学有何理论与实务上的意涵？我们进行了问卷调查和访谈。147名太平绅士临终关怀护士，147名太平绅士护士照顾绝症病人在综合医院和106名临终关怀护士在N&D完成了问卷调查，和3名太平绅士临终关怀护士和14名绝症病人回答了采访。一个跨文化的比较突出了欧洲护理伦理和日本护理伦理在临终关怀的一些差异和相似之处。太平绅士遇到的道德问题 ...更多信息 临终关怀护士和太平绅士医院护士的经验有主要的共同点：告诉临终病人真相，治疗问题，如治疗/护理过渡，和家庭参与病人的决策。N&D护士也经历了道德问题，但这些问题与JP护士所经历的问题不同：姑息与治疗;有尊严地死去;主动/被动安乐死和临床护理问题。研究结果显示，在临终关怀中，单一的护理伦理模式所产生的问题。由于这种模式是在西方发展起来的，因此这些问题变得更加困难。这项研究使护理专业进一步沿着在质疑普遍伦理，而不是完全依赖于道德相对主义。我们在最近的书中进一步讨论了道德普遍主义和相对主义：安妮·J·戴维斯，康希·康希。日本的护理伦理学教学。见：AJ Davis，V Tudin，L de Raeve（艾德编）：护理伦理学教学要点：观点和方法。巴特沃思海涅曼，2005年，爱丁堡（出版中）。少

The purpose of this study was to add knowledge about Japan nursing ethics in a specific physical and philosophical context. The research questions were: (1) What ethical issues arise in hospice nursing in Japan(JP)? (2) How do these compare with ethical issues confronted by a) JP nurses caring for terminally ill patients in general hospitals and b) hospice nurses in Norway and Denmark (N&D)? (3) What theoretical and practice implications do these findings have for Japanese nursing ethics? We conducted questionnaire surveys and interviews. One-hundred-and-forty-seven JP hospice nurses, 147 JP nurses caring for terminally ill patients in general hospitals and 106 hospice nurses in N&D completed the questionnaire, and three JP hospice nurses and 14 terminally ill patients responded to the interviews. A cross-cultural comparison highlighted some differences and similarities between European nursing ethics and Japanese nursing ethics in terminal care. Ethical problems experienced by the JP … More hospice nurses and those experienced by JP hospitals nurses had major commonalities: telling the truth to terminally ill patients, treatment issues such as cure/care transition, and family involvement in the patient decision making. N&D nurses also experienced ethical problems but the issues were different from those experienced by JP nurses: palliation versus treatment; dying with dignity; active/passive euthanasia and issues in clinical caring. The findings suggested the problems emerging from having one model of nursing ethics in end-of-life care. These problems are made more difficult by the fact that this model was developed in the west. This study have brought the nursing profession farther along in the questioning of universal ethics while at the same time not entirely relying on moral relativism. We discussed further on moral universalism and relativism in our recent book chapter: Anne J Davis, Emiko Konshi. The teaching of Nursing Ethics in Japan. In: AJ Davis, V Tudin, L de Raeve (ed): Essentials in teaching and learning in nursing ethics: Perspectives and methods. Butterworth Heinemann, 2005, Edinburgh(in press). Less