The urban systems of Russia and China from the standpoint of the economic central management functions

本研究的目的是分析俄罗斯和中国的城市系统作为经济中心管理功能的指标。申请人研究了一些国家的城市系统，作为这一相同功能的指标。从这些研究中获得的一个主要发现是，政治制度决定了整个国家将拥有什么样的城市制度。具体来说，城市体系可以分为两种类型：一种是扁平结构，没有城市构成城市体系的核心；另一种是首都城市的地位压倒一切，构成国家城市体系的核心。在本研究中，从这个角度来看待俄罗斯和中国，需要注意的是，这两个国家都经历过或正在实行社会主义制度。这项研究的主要目的是澄清这对这些国家的城市系统产生的影响。据说，在俄罗斯，城市之间的联系很弱，莫斯科的地位显然高于其他城市。据说中国的城市之间也有类似的弱联系，但在中国，首都北京的地位与其他城市相比并不那么高。造成这种差异的原因是什么？前苏联有联邦制，但今天的俄罗斯没有。另一方面，中国今天仍然主张社会主义，但也采取了市场经济体制。政府的首都是北京，但经济中心可以说是上海。这种情况让人联想到美国，但两国的政治制度并不相同。澄清俄罗斯和中国，特别是中国的城市体系的调节因素，是一个需要进一步研究的问题。

The purpose of this study is to analyze the urban systems of Russia and China as an indicator of the economic central management function. The applicant has studied the urban systems of some countries as an indicator of this same function. A major finding obtained from these studies is that it is the political system that determines the kind of urban system an entire country will have. Specifically, urban systems can be divided into two types: one with a flat structure in which there are no cities that form the core of the urban system, and one in which the status of the capital city is overwhelming and forms the core of the urban system for the country.In looking at Russia and China from this perspective in the present study, it is noted that both countries have experienced or currently have a socialist system. The major point of this study is to clarify the effect that this has had on the urban systems of these countries. It is said that in Russia the ties between cities are weak, and that the status of Moscow is clearly higher than that of other cities. There is said to be similarly weak ties between cities in China, but in China the status of the capital Beijing is not all that high in comparison with other cities. What are the causes of this difference? The former Soviet Union had a federal system, but Russia today does not. China, on the other hand, still advocates socialism today, but has also adopted a market economic system. The government capital is Beijing, but the economic center may be said to be Shanghai. This situation is suggestive of the United States, but the political systems of the two countries are not the same. Clarification of the factors that regulate the urban systems of Russia and China, particularly that of China, is an issue for further study.