Effects of indirubin a novel interval Ahreceptav ligand on the devepmeutard reproductive function of human fetus

1.孕妇和胎儿对二恶英的暴露研究测定了孕妇、脐带血和羊水中二恶英(PCDDs、PCDFs和Co-PCbs)的浓度。孕妇年龄与母血中Co-PCbs呈显著正相关，母血和脐血中总二恶英、PCDDs和Co-PCbs浓度也呈显著正相关，提示胎盘二恶英易位。研究还表明，多氯二苯并二恶英和多氯二苯并呋喃很可能在羊水中的脂质成分中积累。此外，提示胎儿接触二恶英可能会影响胎儿和新生儿的甲状腺功能。人尿中发现的靛玉红与二恶英受体(Ah受体)的亲和力高达50倍，其生物学功能尚待阐明。孕鼠在14.5dpc中分别加入1)靛玉红、2)7，8-苯黄酮(ah受体抑制剂)、3)Indirui…。更多的n+7，8-苯并黄酮，以及4)单独的DMSO。1)和2)组仔鼠初生体重显著低于3)和4)组，生后第4天卵巢中的卵泡数低于3)和4)组。孕妇尿液和羊水中的靛玉红浓度用特异的ELJSA法测定孕期第1周(12-15周)、第2周(21-24周)和晚期(33-36周)孕妇血液中的浓度。妊娠晚期的青紫玉红水平显著高于妊娠早期。然而，出生体重与母亲的靛玉红水平没有明显的相关性。妊娠中期和晚期胎儿羊水中的靛玉红水平低于可检测到的限值。这些结果表明，胎儿接触靛玉红可能会影响新生儿的发育和生殖功能，孕妇可能比未怀孕的妇女接触到更高水平的靛玉红。然而，也有研究表明，人类胎儿暴露的靛玉红可能仍然微乎其微。较少

1. Maternal and fetal exposure to dioxinsThe concentrations of dioxins (PCDDs, PCDFs and Co-PCBs) were determined in maternal and umbilical cord blood and amniotic fluid. There was a significant positive correlation between maternal age and maternal blood Co-PCBs, and also a significant positive correlation in total dioxin, PCDDs and Co-PCBs concentration between the maternal and umbilical cord blood, suggesting transplacental dioxin translocation. It was also shown that PCDDs and PCDFs are likely to accumulate in the lipid components in the amniotic fluid. Moreover, it was suggested that fetal dioxin exposure may affect fetal and neonatal thyroid function.2. Effects of prenatal exposure to indirubin on offspringIndirubin, which was found in human urine, has 50-times higher affinity to dioxin receptor (Ah receptor) and its biological function remains to be elucidated. Pregnant mice were administered on 14.5 dpc with 1) indirubin, 2) 7,8-benzoflavone (Ah receptor inhibitor), 3) indirubi … More n + 7,8-benzoflavone, and 4) DMSO alone. Birth weight of pups in groups 1) and 2) were significantly lower in those in 3) and 4), and follicle numbers in the ovaries on postnatal day 4 was lower in indirubin-treated groups.3. Indirubin concentration in maternal urine and amniotic fluidIndirubin concentration in the maternal blood in first (12-15 weeks), second (21-24 weeks), and third (33-36 weeks) trimester of their gestational period was determined by indirubin-specific ELJSA. Indirubin level in third trimester was significantly higher than those in first trimester. Birth weight, however, was not significantly correlated with the maternal indirubin level. Indirubin level was below the detectable limits in the amniotic fluid obtained in second and third trimester.These results suggest that fetal exposure to indirubin may affect neonatal development and reproductive function, and that pregnant women are likely to be exposed to higher level of indirubin than non-pregnant women. However, it is also suggested that indirubin exposure of human fetus may remain insignificant. Less