The relationship between disaffected social identity and discriminatory group perception: Comparing Japan and the U..S...

本研究提出了不认同和不认同的概念，并考察了它在外群知觉中的作用。2004年，我们首次构建了一个新的销售，使我们能够区分身份识别和非身份识别。在2005年和2006年，我们进行了一系列研究，以调查日本和美国身份不同的学生在实验中对群体地位造成的威胁会做出什么反应。采用两种类型的刻板印象任务作为依从性测量：自由描述任务和特质评级任务。在自由描述任务中，学生们被要求列出并评价几所目标大学的刻板印象属性，这些属性在学术地位维度上的相对地位不同。在特质评定任务中，学生对同一目标大学的身份相关人格特质和身份无关人格特质的描述性进行评分。结果表明，不同身份的日本学生倾向于贬低更多的…作为对威胁的反应，更多的是一所地位较低的大学(而不是一所地位更高、地位平等的大学)。相比之下，美国身份不同的学生表现出选择地位较高的大学(而不是地位较低的大学)作为贬损目标的倾向。我们进一步考察了这两个国家在应对不满的社会认同威胁的方式上的跨国差异是否源于这两个国家之间感知地位体系(即学术精英主义)的差异。这表明，对学术精英主义(日本社会的特征)的较强信仰导致了这样一种趋势，即不认同可能会与地位较低的大学的贬低相关联，而对学术精英主义的较弱信仰(美国社会的特征)则会增加不认同与地位较高的大学被贬低相关的可能性。不同认同与外群知觉之间的关系因社会制度的感知性质而异。较少

The present research proposes the notion of disidentification as being distinct from nonidentification, and investigated its role in outgroup perceptions. In 2004, we first constructed a new sale which would enable us to distinguish disidentification and nonidentification. In 2005 and 2006, we conducted a series of studies to investigate how Japanese and U.S. disidentified students would respond to experimentally created threats to ingroup status. Two types of stereotyping tasks were employed as dependent measures: a free description task and trait rating task. In the free descriptions task, students were asked to list and rate stereotypical attributes for several target universities which varied in relative status in the dimension of academic standing. In the trait rating task, students rated those same target universities for the descriptiveness of status-relevant and status-irrelevant personality traits. Results indicated that Japanese disidentified students tended to derogate more … More a lower-status university (rather than a higher-status and equal-status university) as a reaction to the threat. By contrast, U.S. disidentified students exhibited a tendency of selecting a higher status university (rather than a lower-status university) as a derogation target. We further examined whether the cross national difference in the way of responding to the threat from disaffected social identity derived from the difference in perceived status system (i.e., academic elitism) between these two countries. This revealed that stronger beliefs in academic elitism (characteristic of Japanese society) lead to the tendency that disidentification would be likely assoeiated with derogation of lower-status universities while weaker beliefs in it (characteristic of the U. S. society) enhance the likelihood that disidentification would be associated with derogation of a higher-status university. It is argued that the relation between disidentification and outgroup perceptions varies according to the perceived nature of social system. Less