A Study on Functions of NGOs in the Education Planning at Grass-roots for Universalization of Basic Education

为了普及基础教育，以人民的学习需要为基础并强调社区所有权的基层教育规划变得更加重要。该模式要求社区参与社区教育状况的调查和社区教育项目的监督与评价，“学习”是该模式的关键。1990年代末，各非政府组织开始在社区层面开展创新的教育发展项目。本研究项目研究了印度、坦桑尼亚和孟加拉国的案例，确定了非政府组织在基层基础教育教育规划方面的功能和可能性，调查了各国政府教育规划的最新趋势、当地非政府组织的社区教育方案、非政府组织的国家教育网络、国际非政府组织对当地非政府组织的影响等等。由于2000年以后基础教育的普及更加强调政府的责任和教育的“质量”，各国政府本身推动了教育规划的权力下放，并与非政府组织建立了伙伴关系。然而，民间组织在基层教育活动中的原有功能正在消失。然后保留以下功能：综合了当地非政府组织的资料和意见的全国教育网将提倡替代政府的教育计划，当地非政府组织分担诸如社区人民能力建设和在政府规划范围内进行监测等工作，非政府组织可对政府方案产生间接影响和关系；组织和执行基础教育以外的教育质量和成功的教育方案，如学前教育和青少年教育。营利组织的教育顾问在教育市场化进程中成长起来，成为非政府组织作为政府伙伴的竞争对手。少

For the universalization of basic education, educational planning at grass-roots based on the peoples' learning needs and emphasizing an ownership of the community has become more important. This model requires participation of the community in the survey of educational situation of the community and monitoring and evaluation of the community educational projects, and 'learning' is the key of the model. And various NGOs started innovative programmes of education development at community level in the late 1990s.This research project studies the cases of India, Tanzania, and Bangladesh, and identifies the functions and possibilities of NGOs for educational planning of basic education at grass- roots, investigating recent trends of Government educational planning, community education programmes by local NGOs in each country, National Education Networks of NGOs, influences of international NGOs to local NGOs, and so on.As a responsibility of the Governments and a 'quality' of education are … More emphasized for universalization of basic education after 2000, each Government itself promoted decentralization of educational planning and Government formulated partnership with NGOs. The original functions of NGOs in educational activities at community level, however, have been disappearing. Then the following functions remain : National Education Networks, integrating information and opinion of local NGOs, would advocate an alternative educational plan to Governments, local NGOs share such works as a capacity building of community people, and monitoring in the framework of Government's planning, NGOs may give indirect effects and relations to the Government programmes, organizing and implementing educational quality and successful educational programmes outside of basic education such as pre-primary education and education for adolescents. And Educational Consultants of profit organizations, growing in the marketization of education, become competitors of NGOs as partner of Governments. Less