The Life History of Teachers in the Era of Marketization of Education

本研究的主要成果概括为以下两个方面.教师生活史研究的方法论考察通过对日本、北美和英国教师生活史研究现状的考察，对教师生活史研究的方法论进行了考察，并将北美和英国的一些生活史研究成果介绍到日本进行翻译。此外，为了检视生活史研究的趋势，本研究也检视了较早的文献，这些文献不仅是在教学专业与教育领域，也包括在社会学领域。在教师专业研究领域，主要是从实证主义的立场对教师进行研究。近年来，社会学领域开始从建构主义的立场对生活史进行研究。今后，在教育领域，以建构主义的立场进行研究将是重要的.教育改革对教师的影响调查了近年来教育改革对教师工作环境的变化。当前的教育改革使教师的工作更加繁忙，以学生成绩下降为例的教学方法的教育思想变化使教师更加困惑。通过对教师的调查和访谈，了解了这些问题的实际情况，表明教师已经接受了当前的教育改革，他们不得不服从。调查和访谈仍在继续，结果将在不久的将来公布。

The results of this research are summarized as below two main topics.1. The Methodological Examination of the Life History of TeachersThe method of life history in the research of teachers was examined in reviewing the state of the research in Japan, the North America and the UK and some results of life history research in the North America and the UK were introduced in Japan to translate them into Japanese. Moreover, to examine the trends of life history research, the earlier literatures which are not only in the field of research of teaching professions and education but also in the field of sociology, are examined. In the field of research of teaching professions, teachers have been mainly researched from the position of positivism. However, recently, from the position of constructivism the life history has been researched in the field of sociology. From now, in the field of education, the research by the position of the constructivism will be important.2. The Effects of Educational Reforms on TeachersThe changes of circumstances of teachers' workplaces owing to recent educational reforms have been investigated. The current educational reforms made teachers' work much busier and the changes educational ideology about teaching method as the case of the discussion on the decline of students' achievement have made teachers more confused. The actual state of these matters was clarified by the investigation and interview into teachers and it was showed that teachers have accepted the current educational reforms which they have to obey. The investigation and interview are continued and the results will publish in the near future.