The study of the effects and the them-ecological mechanism of forest management on the underlayer plant and mushroom flora in satoyama

1. 森林土壤中的交换性阳离子。对多摩河沿岸城市化进程的影响增大。因此，城市地区的土壤酸度得到了中和。山山栎次生林的研究。研究了森林经营和微地形对土壤矿化和硝化作用的影响。在坡顶，NH_4-N和NO_3-N浓度较高。坡面NH_4-N高，NO_3-N低。在头空心中，NO_3-N的比例较高。森林采伐减少了土壤有机质的供给，降低了土壤的矿化速率。虽然也提高了硝化速率，但由于硝酸盐流出量的增加和喜硝植物的增加，使矿物氮含量降低。将山山次生林299个林分根据下层植物区系划分为7类。主要分异发生在人工林与自然林分之间。次生分离发生在微地形类型中。矮竹优势林和木本优势林的物种丰度最低。在矢山山对蘑菇的发生进行了3年的研究。外生菌根真菌在坡面生长较多，在头凹处生长较少。在外生菌根真菌中，Amanitaceae和Boletaceae在坡面上分布较多，Russulaceae在坡面和空心上均有分布。外生菌根真菌在覆被林分中减少，其中菌根树的比例减少。腐养真菌在去除凋落物的林分中减少。研究了3年刈割和凋落物清除处理下白生草（Pleioblastus chino）土壤氮特性和生物量的变化。刈割使地上生物量减少。地下生物量因垃圾清除而减少。半遮荫立地处理使表层土壤全氮和矿质氮含量降低。在森林立地，刈割和凋落物处理使铵态氮含量没有变化，但硝态氮含量降低。少

1. Exchangeable cation in forest soil. increased doe to the advance of urbanization along Tama River. Soil acidity was consequently neutralized in urban area.2. In secondary forest of Quercus serrata in Sayama Hill., the mineralization and nitrification of soil were studied in relation to forest management and micro topography. In crest-slope, the concentrations of NH_4-N and NO_3-N were high. In side-slope, NH_4-N was high and NO_3-N was low. In head-hollow, the proportion of NO_3-N was high. Forest cutting reduced the supply of organic matter to soil and decreased the mineralization rate. Though it also increased the nitrification rate, the content of mineral nitrogen was decreased due to the increase of the outflow of nitrate and the increase of nitrate-favoring plants.3. 299 stands of secondary forest of in Sayama Hill were classified into 7 categories due to underlayer flora. The primary separation occurred between coppiced stands and natural stands. The secondary separation occur … More red among micro topographical types. Species abundance was fewest in dwarf-bamboo dominant stands and Eurya dominant stands.4. The occurrence of mushroom was studied in Sayama Hill for 3 years. Ectomycorrhizal fungi was much in slope and few in head hollow. In ectomycorrhizal fungi, Amanitaceae and Boletaceae occurred much on slope, but Russulaceae occurred on both of slope and head-hollow. Ectomycorrhizal fungi decreased in coppiced stands, where the proportion of mycorrhizal trees had been reduced. Saprotrophic fungi decreased in litter-removed stands.5. The changes of soil nitrogen properties and the biomass of Pleioblastus chino were studied for 3 years under the treatment of underlayer-mowing and litter-removal. Aboveground biomass was decreased by mowing. Belowground biomass was reduced by litter-removal. Total and mineral nitrogen content of topsoil was decreased under the treatments in the half-shade site. At the forest site, ammonium content was not changed, but nitrate content was decreased by mowing and litter-removal. Less