North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and Agri-Food Industry in Canada : Focusing Fruits and Wine Industry

本研究的目的是研究在北美自由贸易协定下加拿大农业食品工业的结构变化，特别关注水果和葡萄酒产业。水果和葡萄酒工业是加拿大农业食品工业中比较优势较小的部门。本研究探讨了加拿大-美国自由贸易协定（CUSTA）和北美自由贸易协定（NAFTA）对水果和葡萄酒行业的影响，并讨论了自由贸易协定下改变市场的政策和方案。研究结果如下：首先，自20世纪80年代末以来，苹果和梨等果树的面积不断减少。然而，值得注意的是，浆果和葡萄的面积有所增加。蓝莓的面积和产量显著增加。然后加拿大成为蓝莓最大的出口国之一。其次，由于国内需求的扩大，葡萄酒进口有所增加。因此，葡萄酒的自给率在20世纪90年代一直在下降。葡萄酒产量在20世纪90年代初出现萎缩，但在90年代末又恢复了。产量增加的原因如下：(1)品种更新到Vinifera(2)引进vinners Quality Assurance (VQA)(3)开发冰酒等特色产品(4)与旅游合作营销。尤其是VQA对于优质葡萄酒的营销推广起到了重要的作用。

The purpose of this study is to examine the structural change of agri-food industry in Canada under NAFTA, especially focusing on fruits and wine industry. Fruits and wine industry is the less comparative advantage sector in Canada's agri-food industry. This study explores the impacts of CUSTA(Canada-US Free Trade Agreement) and NAFTA on fruits and wine industry, and discuss policies and programs to changing market under FTA.The results of the study are as follows. First, area of fruit trees like apple and pear has continueosly decreased since late 1980s. However, it is noteworthy that area of berries and grapes has increased. Area and production of blueberry has increased remarkably. Then Canada became one of the largest exporting countries of blueberry.Secondly, wine import has increased due to expansion of domestic demand. As a result, self-sufficiency rate of wine has declined through 1990s. Wine production has shrunk in early 1990s, but revived in late 1990s. The reasons of increasing production are as follows ;(1) replacement of variety to Vinifera, (2) introduction of Vintners Quality Assurance (VQA), (3) development of specialty products like Ice Wine, (4) cooperative marketing with tourism. Especially, VQA has played important role for marketing promotion of high quality wine.