Development of a Recovery-Oriented Nursing Program for People with Mental Illness

康复是一种生活的方式，一个满意的，有希望的，和贡献的生活，即使有疾病造成的限制。注重康复的方法强调消费者和临床医生之间伙伴关系的重要性，被认为是一种有前途的替代服务，可以促进严重精神疾病患者的康复和福祉。本项目的目的是从消费者的角度明确康复的概念，并制定和评估康复护理计划。2004年，进行了一项定性研究，以明确严重精神疾病患者的康复概念。47名社区精神病患者（35名男性和12名女性）提供了书面同意接受采访。访谈的质性分析揭示了两类康复：“作为一个新的人重生，同时保持内部的伤口”和“超越社会规范和恢复自己的生命价值”。五因素关系 ...更多信息 此外，还确定了影响康复的因素：“学会适可而止，挑战不可能”、“学会自我管理疾病”、“结合社会资源满足基本需求”、“得到社会的支持和信任”以及“渴望过上普通生活”。前两个类别表明个人层面的恢复，后三个类别表明社会制度的性质损害了社会边缘化人群的信心和能力。研究结果表明，需要对精神疾病的社会价值观的转变。在2005年，康复为导向的护理程序的开发和临床实践中的相关性进行了检查。该方案共包括四个会议，以促进“寻找康复希望”、“为自己辩护”、“尊重自私”和“重建新的自我意识”。该计划利用小组讨论。社区中有8名精神病患者（6名男性和2名女性）提供了参加该方案的书面同意。程序中的讨论被录音，观察结果被记录在现场笔记中。小组讨论帮助参与者相互学习新的应对策略，发现彼此的力量，并将他们的疾病经历重新融入他们的生活。与会者提出的一个核心问题不是如何管理疾病和残疾，而是如何生活，这表明康复是一个完整的过程，超越了精神卫生系统。调查结果表明，需要一个整体的方法，其中人的生命是利用作为一个组织结构的恢复，而不是一个人的病理和缺陷定义的方法。少

Recovery is a way of living a satisfying, hopeful, and contributing life even with the limitations caused by illness. A recovery-oriented approach, which emphasizes the importance of a partnership between consumer and clinician, has been recognized as a promising alternative service that can facilitate healing and well-being of people with serious mental illness. The aims of our project were to clarify the concept of recovery from the perspective of consumers as well as to develop and evaluate a recovery-oriented nursing program.In 2004, a qualitative study was conducted to clarify the concept of recovery as defined by people with serious mental illness. Forty seven persons (35 men and 12 women) with mental illness in the community provided written consent to be interviewed. Qualitative analysis of interviews revealed two categories of recovery : "rebirth as a new person while holding the wound within" and "transcendence of social norms and reclaim of own life values". Five factors rel … More ated to recovery were also identified : "learning how much is too much and challenging the impossible", "learning illness self-management", "combining social resources to meet the basic needs", "having support and trust from society", and "suffering from wishing for an ordinary life". The first two categories suggest recovery at a personal level, while the latter three categories suggest the nature of social systems that undermine confidence and competence of socially marginalized people. The findings indicated the need for a transformation of societal values toward mental illness.In 2005, a recovery-oriented nursing program was developed and its relevance in clinical practice was examined. The program consisted of total of four sessions to promote "finding hope for recovery", "advocating for oneself", "honoring selfishness" and "reconstructing a new sense of self". The program utilized small group discussions. Eight persons (six men and two women) with mental illness in the community provided written consent to participate in the program. Discussions in the program were tape-recorded and observations were recorded in field notes. Discussions in a small group helped participants learn new coping strategies from each other, discover strength in each other, and reintegrate their illness experiences into their lives. A central issue raised by the participants was not how to manage the illness and disabilities but how to live his/her life, suggesting recovery is a total process and spans beyond the mental health system. The findings indicated the need for a holistic approach in which person's life is utilized as an organizing construct of recovery rather than an approach in which persons are defined by pathology and deficits. Less