Journey-to-work Travel Behavior and Urban Structure

一个更可持续发展的城市的一个特征是，通勤行程长度随着时间的推移而减少，而不是增加。住宅用地产生的交通和就业区吸引的交通对人均公里数的贡献最大。研究人员广泛认识到通勤平均长度作为衡量可持续性的基本重要性。基于最优通勤分配问题的应用，提出了一种合适的量化方法来总结可持续发展程度。旅行绩效效率指数被定义为一种绩效指标，其依据是根据住所和工作场所的空间分布情况，实际平均上班路程长度与最小和最大路程长度之间的关系。该指数是用北海道许多城市的数据进行测试的。该指数可以比较一个城市在一段时间内旅游行为的可持续发展方向，并比较城市之间的相对效率。考虑城市结构和出行行为对上下班路程长度的影响，构建了基于最优通勤分配问题的数学模型。提出了基于区域出行偏好函数模型的最优通勤分配问题。使用通勤数据将偏好函数转换为二次函数。应用该模型估计了不同区域就业分布的平均行程长度。在此数学模型的基础上，分析了家庭和工作场所的变化对上下班出行行程长度的影响。重复分析了不同情景下就业空间分布和就业中心位置对由此产生的上下班路程长度的影响。这些分析旨在更好地了解家庭和工作场所的空间分布如何影响通勤旅行的可持续性。少

A characteristic of a more sustainable city is one where commuting trip-lengths are decreasing over time, not increasing. Traffic generated from residential land uses and traffic attracted to employment zones contributes the most to person kilometers of travel. The fundamental importance of the average length of commuting trips as a measure of sustainability is widely recognized by researchers.We develop a suitable quantitative method to summarize the degree of sustainability based on the application of the optimal commuting assignment problem. The travel performance efficiency index has been defined as a performance indicator based on the relationship between the actual mean journey-to-work trip length and minimum and maximum trip length given the spatial distribution of homes and workplaces. The index is tested with data for many cities in Hokkaido. The index allows comparisons of the direction of the sustainability of travel behavior in a city over time to be charted, and comparison … More s of relative efficiency across cities.As the journey-to-work trip length depends on the urban structure and travel behavior, we construct a mathematical model based on the optimal commuting assignment problem. An optimal commuting assignment problem is applied based on a model of zonal travel preference functions. The preference functions are transformed into quadratic functions using data for the journey-to-work. The model is applied to estimate mean trip lengths from different zonal distributions of employment. The influence which the variation of homes and workplaces exert on the trip length of journey-to-work travel is analyzed based on this mathematical model. The analysis is repeated for the effect of different scenarios for the spatial distribution of employment and the location of employment centers on the resulting journey-to-work trip lengths. These analyses are aimed to better understand how the spatial distribution of homes and work places may influence the sustainability of commuting trips. Less