Evolution of eudicots quantitative disease resistance to necrotrophic fungal pathogens

ResiDevo旨在了解植物对坏死性真菌病原体的多样性和抗病进化的机制。根据我们的初步数据和进化理论，我们的关键假设是，许多QDR基因在被子植物进化的早期进化，并获得了不同的调控模式，从而在现代植物种群中产生了不同的QDR反应。这一建议的直接目标是比较两个植物科植物对坏死性真菌的全球反应，以推断这些反应在不同进化尺度(种内和种间)下的多样性的一般规律。我们通过比较分析从油菜目(拟南芥等)和茄目(茄属等)和两种生活方式相似的子囊菌病原菌(坏死性、叶性、无性)和不同寄主范围(通用性和专业性)的植物物种中提出了四个主要目标。我们将：1)表征植物QDR表型的种内和种间变异，并确定主要抗性数量性状基因座(QTL)。2)记录QDR期间转录重编程在不同水平上的多样性：物种、科、目。3)在种群、属和科水平上研究真菌致病菌应答基因的序列和表达的进化，以及4)验证QDR在油菜和茄目中的关键成分，并研究转录因子招募到QDR中对基因组规模的影响。这项跨学科的工作将为植物-微生物相互作用的进化研究产生前所未有的数据集，包括：1)覆盖种群、属和科水平的植物的表型多样性覆盖种群、属和科水平。2)到目前为止唯一的转录组数据集，允许测试一些关键的理论预测并挖掘跨物种的QDR表型基因3)完成对几个植物谱系中病原体响应基因的进化分析，以及4)深入描述几个转录因子在QDR中的作用及其自然序列/调控多样性的基因组规模后果ResiDEvo将导致植物免疫系统进化的概念上的进展。它将识别和验证在两个植物科中保存的新的抗性机制的作用，并提供有前景的应用前景，这要归功于所包括的栽培物种产生的数据。

ResiDevo aims to understand the mechanisms underlying the diversity and evolution of disease resistance to necrotrophic fungal pathogens in plants. Our key hypothesis, derived from our preliminary data and evolutionary theories is thatmany QDR genes evolved early in Angiosperm evolution and acquired diversified modes of regulation to create diversified QDR responses in modern plant populations. The immediateobjective of this proposal is to compare global responses to necrotrophic fungi in plants from two botanical families to infer general rules underlying the diversification of these responsesat various evolutionary scales (intra and inter specific). We address four main objectives using comparative analyses in plant species from the Brassicales (Arabidopsis thaliana and others)and Solanales (Solanum chilense and others) and two Ascomycete pathogens with similar lifestyle (necrotrophic, foliar, asexual) and contrasted host range (generalist and specialist) as tractable organisms for this approach.We will: 1) Characterize intra and inter specific variation in the plant QDR phenotypes and identify major resistance Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs). 2) Document the diversity of transcriptional reprogramming during QDR at different levels: species, family, order. 3) Study the evolution of sequence and expression for genes responsive to fungal pathogens at the population, genus and family levels, and 4) Validate key components of QDR in Brassicales and Solanales and study the genome scale impact of transcription factors recruitment into QDR.This interdisciplinary work will generate unprecedented datasets for evolutionary studies of plant‐microbe interactions including: 1) Phenotypic diversity on a comparable scale for plants covering the population, genus and family levels inoculated by fungi from two distinct Classes of the Ascomycetes. 2) A so far unique transcriptomics dataset allowing to test a number of key theoretical predictions and to mine for genes contributing to the QDR phenotype across species 3) Complete evolutionary analyses of pathogen‐responsive genes in several plant lineages, and 4) In depth functional characterization of the role of a few transcription factors in QDR and the genome-scale consequences of their natural sequence/regulatory diversificationResiDEvo will lead to conceptual advances on the evolution of the plant immune system. It will it will identify and validate the role of novel resistance mechanisms conserved across two botanical families and offer promising applied perspectives thanks to data generated on included cultivated species.