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Noda等人对克隆的小鼠“Nedd”基因进行了分析，基于其在早期胚胎脑中的丰富表达和在成年脑中的下调。结果包括脑缺血后Nedd2/caspase-2基因的一过性上调。Nedd5是一种具有GTPase活性的新型细胞骨架蛋白。以及它在阿尔茨海默病的神经胫束缠结中的积累。Yamamori等人利用单细胞rt - pcr /差异显示技术，在AMPA加cOMP类似物处理后，在培养的小脑浦肯野细胞中发现了一种新的大鼠特异性重复序列（Bsr）基因上调。Sato和Kamino等人在鸡胚脑干中发现了一种新的GABA阻断剂不敏感的GABA受体（GABAD），可引起去极化反应和细胞内Ca2+积累。Hirano等人通过敲除小鼠证明δ2谷氨酸受体亚基参与LTD和运动学习。利用培养的细胞，他们还证实了MAP激酶在LTD中的作用，并进一步开发了一种可用于监测LTD数天的实验系统。Tomooka等人建立并鉴定了一系列能够从缺乏p53基因的小鼠细胞中分化为各种类型的神经元和胶质细胞的细胞系。Fukui等人开发了一种在体外诱导爪蟾动物帽（准外胚层）头形态发生的系统。利用该系统，他们克隆了一系列大脑发育过程中诱导的基因，并通过全贴装原位杂交分析了它们在体内的表达模式。Nose等人通过增强子陷阱筛选，在果蝇中分离出在特定肌肉和附着神经元中表达的几个基因。它们的产物包括细胞表面蛋白（任性）、分泌蛋白（M-spondin）和转录因子（Msh），它们在神经肌肉发育过程中的重要性已通过异位表达得到证实。Ishihara等人发现线虫hch-1突变的靶标是一个编码Tolloid/BMP-1家族金属蛋白酶的基因，hch-1突变表现为孵化延迟和神经母细胞迁移异常。少

Noda et al. analyzed the mouse "Nedd" genes cloned based on their abundant expression in early embryonic brain and down-regulation in adult brain. The findings include transient up-regulation of Nedd2/caspase-2 gene after brain ischemia. requirement of Nedd5, a novel cytoskeletal protein with GTPase activity, in cytokinesis. and its accumulation in the neurotibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease. Using single cell-RT-PCR/differenlial display, Yamamori et al, discovered a novel rat-specific repetitive sequence (Bsr) as a gene up-regulated in cultured cerebellum Purkinje cells after treatment with AMPA plus cOMP analog. Sato and Kamino et al, discovered a novel, GABA blocker-insensitive GABA receptor (GABAD) in chick embryo brain stem which provoke depolarizing response and intracellular Ca2+ accumulation. Hirano et al, demonstrated, by using knockout mice, that δ2 glutamate receptor subunit is involved in LTD and motor Icarning. Using culturc ccrcbcllum cclls, they also demonstratod … More the involvcmcnt of MAP kinase in LTD and furlher developed an cxperi mental systcm that can be used to monitor LTD over several days. Tomooka et al, established and characterived a series of cell lines capable of differentiating into various types of neurons and glias from ccrcbcllum of a mice lacking p53 gene. Fukui ct al, dcvelopcd a system to induce head morphogenesis in Xenopus animal cap (prospective ectoderm) in vitro. Usino this system, they cloned a series of genes induced during brain development and analyzed their expression patterns in vivo by whole-mount in situ hybridization. Nose et al. isolated several genes expressed in specific muscle and the attached neurons by enhancer trap screening in Drosophila. Their products include a cell surface protein (Capricious), a secreted protein (M-spondin), and a transcription factor (Msh), and their importance during neuro-muscular development has been demonstrated by ectopic expression. Ishihara et al, identified the target of the nematode hch-1 mutation, which shows delayed hatching and abnormal neuroblast migration, as a gene encoding a metalloproteinase of the Tolloid/BMP-1 family. Less