Historical Continuity and Discontinuity in Contemporary China

在政治领域，西村的研究涉及中国的“民族”民族主义和现代的“民族国家”民族主义。他既着眼于每一种意识形态的独特性，又着眼于两者之间的互动状态，重新界定了交织在这两种民族主义之间的历史连续性和间断性。村田认为，20世纪上半叶的中国民族主义转向形成一种世界标准的民族国家模式，这一点在中华人民共和国时期也得到了加强。至于社会领域，古鲁木屋透露，人民、公民和中华民族的概念形成了一个多层次的结构，并被情景利用。上田进行了新的视角分析--长期基础上的森林与环境保护历史。在他的研究成果的基础上，论证了社会独立和脚踏实地的重要性。在经济领域，Tetsuyama分析了中国传统农业中的合作/合作关系和小规模农业经营，考虑到它与人民公社或农业生产责任制的关系。最后，在思想领域，试图揭示传统思想与现代思想相互渗透的本质。卡尔认为，蔡元培的S现代化思想是建立在“兼容并包”思想基础上的，他在吸收西方传统思想的基础上，试图建设中国社会。

We attempted to reveal historical continuity and discontinuity within the following realms.In political realm, Nishimura's study involved Chinese "ethnic" nationalism and modern "nationstate" nationalism. Focusing both each ideology's distinctiveness and the interactive situation between the two, he redefined historical continuity and discontinuity which interweaves these two kinds of nationalism. Murata argued Chinese nationalism in the first half of the 20th century shifted toward forming a nation state as a world standard model, which has been reinforced even in the PRC period.As for social realm, it was revealed by Furumaya that the concepts of people, citizen, and Chinese nation form a multi-layered structure, being made situational use. Ueda conducted a new perspective analysis-history of forest and environmental protection on the long-term basis. Backed by his findings, the importance of independence of society and a down-to-earth practice was argued.Within economic realm, Tetsuyama analyzed cooperative/collaborative relationship and a smallscale agricultural management in Chinese traditional agriculture, taking its relation to people's commune or agricultural production responsibility system into consideration.Finally in the realm of thought, attempts were made to reveal the nature of mutual permeation between traditional thought and modern thought. Cal argued that Cai Yuanpei 's modernization thought was one based on the "take in everything" idea. Accepting western thought on the basis of traditional one, Cai discussed, he attempted to build the Chinese society.