A study of the large-scale structure of radiation, clouds and precipitation fields of Earth's atmosphere

经过该项目三年的努力，取得了以下成功成果：1.气溶胶产品：检索到了世界上第一个全球分布的气溶胶尺寸指数。发现了中纬度工业气溶胶和热带生物质燃烧气溶胶。云产品：获得了全球唯一的云微物理参数分布。研究发现，在大的大陆周围，云的粒子半径有规律地减小。通过产品(1)和(2)，首次获得了全球平均云-气溶胶相互作用现象的强度。这一结果对于更好地模拟云气溶胶现象是非常有用的。地表能量收支产品：GMS卫星每小时估算一次地表辐射能量收支。这种产品表现出比ISCCP(国际卫星云气候学项目)产品更好的性能。对能量流，特别是非绝热能流与大气结构的关系有了更好的理解。结果表明，NCEP客观分析资料和ERBE卫星资料对极地能量输送的估算要好于80‘S的估算，但仍不足以准确估算地面辐射能通量。研究还发现，低频涡旋和高频涡旋的长期能量输送是相辅相成的，对中纬度冬季动力场的贡献是互补的。卫星数据档案：东京大学气候系统研究中心(CCSR)和千叶大学环境遥感中心(CERES)建立了GMS、AVHRR、SSM/I等十年尺度卫星数据库。该数据库可以在网络环境下使用。未来遗产：培养了几位有前途的年轻科学家和学生，为本研究课题的进一步发展做准备。

The following successful results have been attained after the three year effort of the project :1. Aerosol product : The world's first global distribution of aerosol size index was retrieved. Middle latitude industrial aerosols and a tropical belt of biomass burning aerosols were found.2. Cloud product : Unique global distributions of cloud microphysical parameters were obtained. It is found that the cloud particle radius systematically decreases around large continents.3. Through the products (1) and (2), the strength of cloud-aerosol interaction phenomenon on global average was obtained for the first time. This result is extremely useful for better modeling the cloud-aerosol phenomenon.4. Surface energy budget product : The surface radiative energy budget was estimated from the GMS satellite for every one hour. Such a product showed better performance than the ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project) products.5. Better understanding of energy flow, especially relationship between diabatic energy flow and atmospheric structure, was obtained. It is found that an estimation of poleward energy transportation from NCEP objective analysis data and ERBE satellite data is better than that of 80's, but still not sufficient for accurate evaluation of the surface radiative energy flux. It is also found that the long-term energy transport by low frequency and high frequency eddies vary complementarily contributing to the middle latitude winter dynamical field.6. Satellite data archive : CCSR (Center for Climate System Research, the University of Tokyo) and CeRES (Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, the Chiba university) have constructed ten year scale satellite data bases of GMS, AVHRR, SSM/I etc.. The database can be used in the network environment.7. Future heritage : Several young promising scientists and students have been raised for performing further development of the subjects in this study.