Development of Photonic Crystals and Control of Radiation Field

1. 我们成功地在光学和近红外区制备了多种三维和二维光子晶体以及板状晶体，并揭示了它们独特的光学性质。对于三维样品，我们采用了几种新颖的方法，如晶圆融合、微操作和辐射压力。特别是，S. Noda教授和他的同事们成功地开发了一种具有全带隙的3D晶体。利用金属阳极氧化和半导体微加工技术制备了高质量的二维和板状样品。同时，我们开发了各种具有零（点），一维（1D）和二维缺陷的pc机。此外，在毫米或亚毫米范围内，我们还发现了具有双周期或量子阱结构的新型pc。通过揭示光与PC之间相互作用的新方面，我们已经验证了PC确实适合于控制光。即，我们展示或观察到几种类型的二维光子晶体激光器，由于三维光子晶体的全带隙抑制了自发发射，从嵌入光子晶体板的发射器中提取光的高效率，直接观察到小群速度v_g，由于这种v_g增强了SHG信号，以及由于高速行进电子与光子晶体相互作用而产生的史密斯-珀塞尔辐射现象。对于有缺陷的PC，我们阐明了基于线缺陷的PC波导的优点，可以急剧弯曲，基于点缺陷的PC腔，通道下降现象，使人们能够将特定波长的光耦合到PC波导上，等等。我们还观察到嵌入PC的元件在亚毫米波长的有效发射。这些发现使我们能够开发光电子方面的新器件。从理论上讲，我们提出了一种计算任意晶格中光子带结构的算法，揭示了金属中的光子带结构，构建了一个一般处理光子带结构的新理论，并提出了一些新的物理现象。少

1. We successfully fabricated a variety of three (3D) - and two (2D)-dimensional photonic crystals (PCs), as well as slab-type crystals in the optical and near-infrared region, and revealed their unique optical properties. For 3D samples, we have adopted several novel methods such as wafer-fusion, micro-manipulation and radiation-pressure ones. In particular, Professor S. Noda and his coworkers succeeded in developing a 3D crystal with a full band gap. Techniques of anodization of metal and semiconductor micromachining were utilized to fabricate both 2D and slab samples of good quality. At the same time, we developed various PCs with zero-(point), one-dimensional (1D)- and 2D defects. Furthermore, in the millimeter or submillimeter region, we also a new types of PCs such as ones with double-periodicity or quantum-well structures.2. We have verified that PCs are really suited for controlling light, by revealing novel aspects of interaction between light and a PC. Namely, we demonstrated … More or observed a few types of 2D photonic-crystal lasers, suppression of spontaneous emission due to a full band gap in a 3D PC, high extraction efficiency of light from an emitter embedded in a PC slab, direct observation of small group-velocity v_g, enhancement of SHG signal due to such a v_g, and Smith-Purcell radiation phenomenon due to interaction of high- speed traveling electrons with a PC. As for PCs with defects, we clarified superior properties of line-defect-based PC waveguides that can be bent sharply, ultra-small point-defect PC-based-cavity, channel-drop phenomena enabling one to couple light with a specific wavelength to a PC waveguide, and so on. We also observed efficient emission at submillimeter wavelengths from an element embedded in a PC.Those findings have enabled us to develop novel devices in opto-electronics.3. Theoretically, we developed an algorism for calculating the photonic band structure (PBS) in an arbitrary lattice, revealed PBS in a metal, and constructed a new theory treating PC generally, together with proposals of a few novel physical phenomena. Less