Advanced research on cancer

这个优先领域被称为“癌症高级研究”，旨在通过融入新技术、学科和新发展领域来寻求前沿癌症研究。在过去的五年中，已经获得了许多关于致癌细胞信号传导及其抑制机制的新见解，特别是关于干扰素和TGF-β的作用，这两者都是细胞生长的负调控因子。它也成为可能的可视化行为的癌基因产物在活细胞中，这是一个新的，重要的一步，我们了解细胞转化。新的分子也已被确定，调节细胞粘附和运动，其功能分析已被追求;这些包括Claudins和WAVE，这些研究为癌细胞的浸润和转移提供了新的见解。此外，在了解癌细胞凋亡的机制和这些垂死细胞的清除方面也取得了很大进展。特别值得一提的是，该优先领域的研究项目之一催生了一个新的转化研究项目，即鉴定HB-EGF作为卵巢癌的靶点，并应用CRM 197（一种抑制HB-EGF的白喉毒素突变形式）治疗这种癌症。总体而言，这些成就体现在数千篇已发表的论文中，其中许多发表在《自然》等期刊上。许多与工业界的合作正在进行中，目的是开发癌症新药。

This priority area, termed "Advanced research on cancer", is aimed at seeking cutting-edge cancer research by incorporating new technologies, disciplines and newly developing fields. In the past five years, much of the new insights have been gained about the mechanisms of oncogenic cell signaling and its suppression, particularly on the role of interferons and TGF-β, both of which function as negative regulator of cell growth. It also became possible to visualize behaviors of oncogene products in living cells and this is a new, important step to our understanding of cell transformation. New molecules have also been identified, which regulate cell adhesion and movement, and their functional analyses have been pursued; these include Claudins and WAVEs and these studies offered new insights in infiltration and metastasis of cancer cells. In addition, much progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of apoptosis of cancerous cells and the clearance of such dying cells. It is particularly worth mentioning that one of the research project in this priority area spawned a new translational research project, that is, identification of HB-EGF as the target of ovarian cancers and application of CRM197, a mutant form of diphtheria toxin that inhibits HB-EGF, for therapy of this form of cancer. Overall, these achievements are represented in over several thousands of published papers, many of which appeared in journals such as Nature. Many collaborations with industries have been in progress with the aim of developing new drugs for cancer.