Anesthetic Substances and Other Key Compounds Related to Biologically Intriguing Phenomena

大自然具有巨大的、几乎难以理解的多样性和适应能力。我们已经研究了这些具有挑战性的生物活性分子，以探索新的领域并更好地理解基本概念。我们力求对生物现象有更深入的了解。众所周知，美国短尾鼩Blarina brevicauda能分泌一种强大的毒液。从其颌下腺提取液中分离出一种新的致死性毒液——白蛛毒素。注射了白虫毒素的小鼠在死亡前表现出特有的症状，即呼吸不规则和加速，后肢麻痹和抽搐。测定了白丝虫毒素初级氨基酸序列的成熟形式，表明该蛋白与分泌丝氨酸蛋白酶组织激肽酶相似。这是一种叫Cyphononyx dorsalis的蜘蛛黄蜂，它用刺痛的毒液麻痹蜘蛛，使其成为幼虫的牺牲品。由于黄蜂的有趣的生态学，我们研究了这些麻醉物质，主要是对蜘蛛的麻痹作用。用柱层析法从胡蜂毒腺提取物中分离麻醉物质。用质谱法分析纯化的麻痹蛋白的氨基酸序列。该蛋白是一种新型的激酶样蛋白。日本和中国食用甲壳类贝类的内收肌，因误食而导致食物中毒的事件屡见不鲜。我们成功地从冲绳双壳贝中分离出了甲壳毒素，它是食物中毒的主要原因。Pinnatoxins是一种独特的两性碳环化合物，具有新颖的Ca^<2+>通道激活特性。我们还从冲绳双壳企鹅中分离出了A、B和C三种翼虫毒素。我们还关注了海海绵Terpios hoshinota，它在琉球群岛（Ryukya Islands）附近的水域过度生长珊瑚礁。用柱层析法对海绵乙醇提取物进行分离，得到新的细胞毒性化合物：三萜类化合物、三萜皂苷和三萜皂苷酮。Nakiterpiosin是一种新型的c -no - d同型类固醇，具有很强的细胞毒性。少

Nature has an enormous, almost incomprehensible, capacity for diversity and adaptation.We have investigated such challenging bioactive molecules to explore new frontiers and better understand basic concepts.We have sought to acquire a deeper understanding of biological phenomena.The American short-tailed shrew Blarina brevicauda is known to produce a potent venom.A novel lethal venom, blarina toxin, was isolated from the extract of its submaxillary gland.Mice injected with blarina toxin showed characteristic symptoms, i.e., irregular and quickened respiration, paralysis of the hind limbs, and convulsions before death.The mature form of the primary amino acid sequences of blarina toxin was determined, suggesting this protein was similar to tissue-kallikrein, a type of secretory serine protease.The spider wasp Cyphononyx dorsalis paralyze spiders as victims for their larvae with the stinging venom.Due to the interesting ecology of the wasp, we have studied these anesthetic substances gui … More ded by paralytic activity against spiders.Anesthetic substance (s) were separated using column chromatographies from the extract of the poison gland of the wasp.Amino acid sequences of the purified paralytic protein were analyzed by mass spectrometry.The protein was the new type of a kinase-like protein.The adductor muscle of the shellfish Pinna sp.is eaten in Japan and China, and food poisoning resulting from its ingestion occurs frequently.We successfully isolated pinnatoxins from the Okinawan bivalve P.muricata as a major cause of food, poisoning. Pinnatoxins are unique amphoteric carbocyclic compounds that possess novel Ca^<2+> channel-activating properties.We also isolated pteriatoxins A, B and C from the Okinawan bivalve Pteria penguin.We also focused on the marine sponge Terpios hoshinota, which overgrows coral reefs in waters off the Ryukya Islands.The ethanol extract of the sponge was separated using column chromatographies to give the new cytotoxic compounds, terpiodiene, nakiterpiosin and nakiterpiosinone.Nakiterpiosin, a novel C-nor-D-homosteroids, showed potent cytotoxicity. Less