Dynamical entropy control and macroscopic phase separation in strongly

由于稳定高阶结构的能量尺度与热能相当，软质材料中形成了多种具有多长度尺度的自组织结构。这种结构可以很容易地被弱扰动控制。在这项研究中，我们的目的是澄清和控制软凝聚态物质的动态物理性质。本研究的主要成果如下：(1)利用畴形态特征，构建了聚合物溶液中粘弹性相分离的动态相图。我们发现，动态相图可以缩放成通用相图。(2)我们发现胶状分散体中存在粘弹性相分离，尽管其组分没有任何内部自由度。这表明粘弹性相分离在动态不对称混合物中的普遍性。(3)胶粒间的水动力相互作用对网状结构的形成起着至关重要的作用。(4)在液晶微乳中发现了透明的液晶相。(5)在膜系统中发现了粒子自发进入地窖结构的新现象。(6)利用相参光散射方法成功地实现了软物质波动的模式选择测量。(7)我们成功地利用剪切流和空间约束等外场对膜系统的高阶结构进行了动态控制。(8)利用激光操纵方法成功地控制了膜系统中的缺陷结构。

Various types of self-organizing structures having multi length scales are formed in soft materials, Since the energy scale stabilizing the higher-order structures is comparable to the thermal energy. the structures can be easily controlled by weak perturbations.In this study, we have aimed to clarify and control the dynamic physical properties of soft condensed matter. Major achievements of this study are follows.(1) We have constructed the dynamic phase diagram of viscoelastic phase separation in polymer solutions by using the characteristics of the domain morphology. We have found that the dynamic phase diagramis can be scaled into the universal one. (2) We have found that viscoelastic phase separation is observed in colloidal dispersions, despite that the components do not have any internal degrees of freedom. This suggests the universality of viscoelastic phase separation in dynamically asymmetric mixtures. (3) Hydrodynamic interactions between the aggregating colloidal particles are turned out to play crucial roles in the formation of network structure. (4) A tansparent liquid crystal phase has been discovered in liquid-crystal microemulsions. (5) Novel phenomenon of spontaneous partitioning of particles into cellar structures in membrane systems has been found. (6) We have succeeded in mode-selective measurements of the fluctuations in soft matters by the phase-coherent light scattering method. (7) We have successfully controlled higher order structures of membrane systems dynamically by the external fields, such as shear flow and spatial confinement. (8) Defect structures in membrane systems have successfully been controlled by the laser manipulating method.