Coordination Funds

国际海洋发现计划（IODP）旨在通过科学钻探研究海底，以提高我们对过去海洋和海底下过程的了解。IODP于2013年10月启动，是早期海洋科学钻探计划的继承者，包括深海钻探计划（1968 - 1983），大洋钻探计划（1983 - 2003）和综合大洋钻探计划（IODP，2003-2013）。新计划的总体目标总结在科学计划“照亮地球的过去，现在和未来”中。该科学计划包括四大主题，细分为14项挑战，这些挑战又涉及新的前瞻性问题、方法和模型：1）“气候和海洋变化”：最重要的科学挑战之一是更好地了解全球气候变化的速度和原因及其后果。研究来自深海的古气候档案将有助于更好地约束过去的气候变化，包括冰盖和海平面的敏感性。这反过来又有助于减少预测未来气候的不确定性。2)“生物圈前沿”：该主题涉及海底以下的生物圈，特别是了解微生物群落及其参与全球碳循环的全球重要性，以及繁殖和扩散的物理和化学限制。这一主题的另一个主要挑战是研究海洋生态系统和生物多样性对环境变化的敏感性。3)“接地连接”：在这一主题的地下，特别是上地幔，和外生系统之间的地球化学交换过程进行处理。这些过程包括地球表面和俯冲带的相互作用以及洋壳的产生和蚀变。 4)《Earth in Motion》：这一主题的目的是短期地球动力过程，如地震带，滑坡和海啸直接社会相关性。此外，这一主题还有助于研究海底以下碳固存和安装海底以下观测站。

The International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) aims at studying the seafloor through scientific drilling in order to improve our understanding of past oceans and subseafloor processes. IODP was launched in October 2013 and is the successor of earlier marine scientific drilling programs including the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP, 1968 - 1983), the Ocean Drilling Program (1983 - 2003) and the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP, 2003-2013). The overall objectives of the new program are summarized in the science plan "Illuminating Earth´s Past, Present and Future". This science plan comprises four major themes subdivided into 14 challenges which in turn address new, forward-looking questions, methods and models: 1) "Climate and Ocean Change": One of the most important scientific challenges is to better understand rates and causes of global climate change and its consequences. Studying paleoclimate archives from the deep-sea will allow better constraining past climate change including the sensitivity of ice sheets and sea-level. This in turn can help to reduce uncertainties in predicting future climates. 2) "Biosphere Frontiers": This theme addresses the biosphere below the sea-floor, specifically to understand the global importance of microbial communities and its participation in the global carbon cycle, but also the physical and chemical limits for reproduction and dispersal. Another major challenge in this theme is the study the sensitivity of marine ecosystems and biodiversity to environmental change. 3) "Earth Connections": Within this theme geochemical exchange processes between the subsurface, specifically the upper mantle, and the exogenic system are addressed. These processes include the interaction of the Earth surface and subduction zones as well as oceanic crust production and alteration. 4) "Earth in Motion": This theme aims at short-term geodynamic processes that are of direct societal relevance like seismogenic zones, landslides and tsunamis. In addition, this theme also facilitates studies of sub-seafloor carbon sequestration and the installation of subseafloor observatories.