The Roman new town of Berytus. Archaeology of a Roman colonia in the Levant

贝里图斯是腓尼基古城之一。在希腊化后期，它受到邻近的伊图利亚和伊乌迪亚小王国的影响，这些王国在公元前64年被庞培征服后成为罗马的附庸王国。公元前15年，贝雷图斯提升了罗马科洛尼亚的地位，两支罗马军团的老兵在此定居。它的领土包括贝卡谷地，直到公元前24年一直由伊图利亚人统治。在很多方面，贝雷图斯都是一个特殊的科洛尼亚：它最初是罗马东部唯一的科洛尼亚，它拥有巨大的领土，是在现有城市中建立科洛尼亚的特例。该项目的重点是沿着科洛尼亚建立的文化进程，特别是贝里图斯新旧居民的物质文化，他们各自的划界或同化，以及邻近附庸王国的影响。在接下来的几个世纪的罗马帝国时期，Berytus这种特殊地位的延续问题将是研究的中心;因此，迹象是首选使用拉丁语和Berytus法学院。为了回答这些问题，罗马新城Berytus，这是建立在科洛尼亚的基础将进行调查。该项目可以使用BCD考古项目的全部档案。它包括自1993年以来在贝鲁特市中心进行的大部分抢救性挖掘，这些挖掘已经揭示了古城的一半以上。计划的工作集中在古代贝里图斯西部的瓦迪阿布杰米尔区，那里已经挖掘出剧院、赛马场、罗马浴室和房屋。前一个项目的结果指出了一个迄今为止未知的奥古斯都阶段的罗马竞技场，显示了与凯撒利亚Maritima的罗马竞技场的密切联系，以及希律在新成立的科洛尼亚的参与。在本项目中，本季度的结构研究将完成并发表。此外，还将对一些特定类型的发现进行研究，其中包括灯具、铅制雕像和马赛克。该项目是贝鲁特美国大学和马尔堡菲利普斯大学之间的德国-德国合作项目。

Berytus is one of the old Phoenician cities. In the late Hellenistic period it was influenced by the neighbouring small kingdoms of the Ituraeans and of Iudaea, which became Roman client kingdoms after the conquest by Pompey in 64 BC. In 15 BC, Berytus enhanced the status of a Roman colonia, where veterans of two Roman legions settled down. Its territory included the Bekaa valley which until 24 BC has been ruled by the Ituraeans. In more than one respect, Berytus was an exceptional colonia: It initially was the only colonia in the Roman East, it had a huge territory, and it was the singular case of a colonia founded within an existing city. In the focus of the project are the cultural processes going along with the foundation of the colonia, especially the material culture of the old and new inhabitants of Berytus, their respective delimitation or assimilation, and the influence of the neighbouring client kingdoms. For the following centuries of the Roman Imperial period, the question of the continuation of this special status of Berytus will be in the centre of the research; indications therefore are the preferred use of the Latin language and the Berytus law school.In order to answer these questions, the Roman new town of Berytus that was erected with the foundation of the colonia will be investigated. The project has access to the entire archive of the BCD Archaeology Project. It comprises a large part of the rescue excavations performed since 1993 in the city centre of Beirut that have revealed more than half of the ancient city. The planned work concentrates on the Wadi Abu Jmil quarter, the western part of ancient Berytus, where the theatre, the hippodrome, a Roman bath, and houses have been excavated. The results of the preceding project point to a hitherto unknown Augustan phase of the hippodrome that shows a close connection to the hippodrome of Caesarea Maritima and a Herodian engagement in the newly founded colonia. In the project, the study of the structures in this quarter will be concluded and published. In addition, selected types of finds will be studied, among them the lamps, the lead figurines, and the mosaics.The project is based on the Lebanese-German collaboration between the American University of Beirut and Philipps-Universität Marburg.