Can music enhance ketamine’s antidepressant efficacy in treatment-resistant depression: A pilot study of clinical and electrophysiological outcomes

重度抑郁症被列为世界上导致残疾的主要原因之一。在重度抑郁症的现有疗法中，抗抑郁剂剂量的氯胺酮具有较高的成功率，并为难治性MDD（TRD）提供速效抗抑郁疗效，并且持续有效。治疗抑郁症和MDD的另一种方法是通过强烈的情感来源（如音乐）引发大脑的情感反应。本研究将调查音乐和抗抑郁剂剂量的氯胺酮联合给药是否改善了TRD患者的治疗结果。此外，本研究将调查音乐是否增强了氯胺酮治疗期间情绪相关脑区的激活，调查氯胺酮是否增强了对音乐的情绪反应，并调查音乐是否增加了氯胺酮治疗期间海马旁和视觉皮层之间的功能连接，从而改善视觉意象。据我们所知，这项研究的目的以前没有被调查过。因此，本研究的结果可能在改善TRD的治疗方面发挥重要作用，并为该领域的研究提供明确的路径。

Major depressive disorder is ranked as one of the leading causes of disability in the world. Among existing therapies for major depression, the antidepressant-dose ketamine has a high success rate and provides rapid-acting antidepressant efficacy for treatment-resistant MDD (TRD) and is sustained. Another approach to treating depression and MDD is to elicit brain emotional responses through a strong source of emotion, such as music. This study will investigate whether co-administration of music and antidepressant-dose ketamine improves treatment outcomes in patients with TRD.In addition, this study will examine whether music enhances the activation of emotion-related brain areas during ketamine treatment, examining whether ketamine enhances emotional response to music, and examining whether music increases functional connectivity between the parahippocampal and visual cortices during ketamine treatment, thus improving visual imagery.To the best of our knowledge, the objectives of this study have not been investigated before. Therefore, the results of this study might play an important role in improving the treatment of TRD and provide a clear path for studies in this area.