Personal pronouns and person clitics in Tabasaran: Toward a theory of Person

该项目有两个主要目标：深入研究塔巴萨兰语(纳克-达吉斯坦语)语法中的人称，并在理论句法研究中使用这种未被研究的语言的新的经验数据，以促进人称理论的发展。《塔巴萨兰语》中的人称范畴通过两个系统表现出来：自由人称代词和精心设计的人称偏序系统，这两个系统显示了许多有趣的属性。首先，主语和非主语的人称论元都可以用定语标记在限定动词上。主题和非主题的群集性也是可能的。第二，及物句和不及物句的人称主语和非典范主语在受事主语方面表现不同。在根陈述从句中，规范主语总是叠句，而在有非规范主语的分句中，主语和非主语都可以触发动词的句法转换。第三，允许派系聚集，塔巴萨兰展示了一种被称为人-格限制的现象，这让人想起了罗曼史语言中证明的东西，但有一些重要的区别。第四，代词和冠词在言语报告中都表现出索引移位，失去了它们的索引语义，并指向了矩阵从句的论元。这项拟议的项目收集和分析了大量新的经验数据，对句法理论提出了挑战，审查了现有方法处理这些事实的能力，并对它们进行了修改，以更好地理解关于人的信息是如何用人类语言传达的。

The project has two major goals: an in-depth investigation of person in the grammar of Tabasaran (Nakh-Daghestanian) and using new empirical data from this understudied language in theoretical syntactic research in order to advance the theory of Person. The category of person in Tabasaran is manifested via two systems: free personal pronouns and an elaborate system of person clitics, which display a number of interesting properties. First, both subject and non-subject person arguments can be marked on the finite verb by a clitic. Clusters of a subject and a non-subject clitics are also possible. Second, person subjects of transitive and intransitive clauses and non-canonical subjects behave differently with respect to clitics. In root declarative clauses, canonical subjects are always clitic-doubled, while in clauses with non-canonical subjects both subject and non-subject can trigger a clitic on the verb. Third, allowing clitic clusters, Tabasaran demonstrates a phenomenon known as Person–Case Constraint, reminiscent of what is attested in Romance languages, with some important differences. Fourth, both pronouns and clitics exhibit indexical shift in speech reports, losing their indexical semantics and referring to the arguments of the matrix clause. The proposed project collects and analyzes a substantial body of new empirical data, challenging for syntactic theory, puts current approaches under scrutiny with regard to their ability to deal with those facts, and modifies them to the point of a better understanding how information about person is conveyed in human language.