The representation of the Others in Luigi Pulcis Morgante (1461-1483) and its contemporary reception between historicisation, actualisation and censorship

在15世纪晚期的骑士史诗《摩根特》中，基督徒的异教对手经常被污名为“狗”或“被诅咒的异教徒”，其中对他人的物化表现在他们的头像瓜一样被切开（摩根特三世，53），身体像面包一样被切开（摩根特三世，71）。在大学内外的研究和讨论中，出现了三种处理文学经典的可能性，从今天的角度来看，它们不得不被指责为政治上的不正确。首先，人们可以简单地忽略这些和类似的“令人不安的因素”，而转向作品中无害的方面，当谴责其他信仰的人几乎是文本的组成部分时，这似乎很困难。其次，如果人们注意到作品的仇外心理（从今天的角度来看），人们可以通过一种历史化的方法来消除它们，通过宣布诸如“can saracino”（“撒拉逊人的狗”，Morgante第二十七章，17节）或“pagan maladetto”（“被诅咒的异教徒”，Morgante第二十七章，18节）这样的侮辱是局部的，根本不是侮辱，或者它们符合观众的期望或史诗的叙事指导方针。第三，有可能以一种更新的方式阅读文本，即从现在的角度看待文本。作为一种适应和/或创造性的接受，实现可以揭示作品当前的潜在意义；作为一种阅读方式，如果它没有超越仅仅是一种评判，可能是谴责或审查的方式，它就会有问题。这对文学研究提出了全新的挑战，在艺术作品自治的名义下，文学研究在大约150年的时间里——在研究和教学中——一直享有一种远距离思考的立场。尤其是作为一名讲师，人们面临着一个微妙的问题：是将“旧经典”从可以教授的经典中剔除，还是选择一种实际的方法，希望通过指出它们的政治爆炸性主题来激励学生阅读前现代的文本。这里列出的所有三种可能性最终都不能令人满意；除了单纯的审查制度、纯粹的历史化和意识形态偏见之外，必须找到其他方法。该项目探讨了路易吉·普尔奇（Luigi Pulci）的《摩根特》（1461-1483）中他者的表现及其在历史、现实和审查之间的接受。它包括一个论文项目，一个跨学科和国际会议，从中产生两个研究卷，以及申请人的两个论文项目。

Is it even possible to do research on Morgante today - a chivalric epic of the late 15th century in which the pagan opponents of Christians are regularly stigmatised as 'dogs' or 'accursed heathens' and in which the objectification of others is expressed not least in the fact that their heads are split open like melons (Morgante III, 53) and bodies are cut open like loaves of bread (Morgante III, 71)? In research and in discussions within and outside the university, three possibilities of dealing with literary classics emerge that, from today's perspective, would have to be accused of political incorrectness. First, one can simply ignore such and similar 'disturbing factors' and rather turn to innocuous aspects of the work, which may seem difficult when the scolding of those of other faiths is an almost constitutive element of the text.Secondly, if one takes note of the xenophobic (from today's point of view) aspects of the work, one can, as it were, cancel them out through a historicising approach by declaring that insults such as "can saracino" ("Saracen dog", Morgante XXVII, 17) or "pagan maladetto" ("cursed heathen", Morgante XXVII, 18) are topical and not meant as insults at all, or that they correspond to the expectations of the audience or the narrative guidelines of the epic.Thirdly, there is the possibility of reading the texts in an updating manner, i.e. to view them from the perspective of the present. As an adaptation and/or creative reception, actualisation can uncover the work's current potential meanings; as a mode of reading, it can be problematic if it doesn't reach beyond a merely judging, possibly condemning or censoring approach.This poses completely new challenges for literary studies, which, in the name of the autonomy of the work of art, have privileged a stance of distanced contemplation for around one hundred and fifty years - in research as well as in teaching. Especially as a lecturer, one is confronted with the delicate question of whether to banish the 'old classics' from the canon of what can be taught or instead to choose an actualising approach in the hope of motivating students to read pre-modern texts by pointing out their politically explosive themes. All three possibilities outlined here are ultimately unsatisfactory; ways must be found beyond mere censorship, pure historicisation and ideologically biased actualisation. The project explores the representation of the Other in Luigi Pulci's "Morgante" (1461-1483) and its reception in the present between historicisation, actualisation and censorship. It comprises a dissertation project, an interdisciplinary and an international conference, from which two research volumes are to emerge, as well as two essay projects by the applicant.