Development of Agriculture and Rural Settlements in the Drought Prone Areas of West India

地理研究项目组得出了以下结论。所有的第一手资料和信息都已完全电脑化，以便作为主要数据库系统使用。这包括有关家庭组成、职业的统计数据。1 .土地占有和牲畜饲养；阿哈内里村周围分布着物理条件较好的红黄沙质土壤。如果灌溉系统得到改善，农业生产力将大大提高。然而，问题是地下水位的降低。这一问题是在引进新的电动机或柴油机抽水灌溉系统后才出现的。迫切需要的是找出合适的灌溉方案和水资源管理控制系统。一些上层阶级农民通过井灌带动了农业生产水平的提高。然而剩余的边缘农民，依靠雨养农业。Gujar是新兴的农业生产的jati，通过重新安排灌溉农田的集约化土地利用，以及机械化耕作系统，正在提高他们的社会经济地位。在这个村庄，畜牧业作为主要不稳定的雨养农业的补充部门发挥着重要作用。奶牛的数量最近有所增加，尤其是自20世纪70年代以来。然而，这些放牧牧场的承载能力极低。由于小农被迫采收野草，迫切需要制定一些政策来确保充足的草料和防止土壤侵蚀。Abhaneri村被认为是婆罗门主导的农村社区。许多户主在村外打工。他们在离村子6公里远的当地集镇找到了工作。他们中的一些人移居到邦首府斋浦尔，甚至去德里以获得额外收入。越来越多的低种姓村民倾向于迁出村庄。

The geographical research project team have come to the following conclusion.1. All the first hand data and informations have been completely computerized so as to utilize as primary database system. This includes, statistical data concerning family composition, occupation. Land-holding and livestock rearing.2. Sandy red-yellowish soil, which has good physical condition, is distributed all around abhaneri village. If irrigation system is improved, agricultural productivity should be much increased. However, problem is lowering of groundwater level. This problem occurred just after the introducing of new pumping up irrigation system by electric motor or diesel engine. What is urgently needed is to figure out appropriate irrigation scheme and water resource management control system.3. Some upper class farmers lead in leveling up the agricultural productivities by well irrigation. However remaining marginal farmer, depends on rain-fed farming. Gujar, the emerging jati in agricultural productions, is improving their socio-economic status through the intensified land use by rearranging irrigation farm lands, together with mechanized farming system.4. Livestock rearing plays important role as a complementary sector for predominantly unstable rain-fed farming in this village. Milch cow has been recently increasing especially since 1970's. However, carrying capacity of these grazing pastures are extremely low. As small farmers are forced to collect wild grasses, some policy are urgently needed for securing ample grasses and prevention of soil erosion.5. Abhaneri village is considered to be Brahmin-dominated rural community. Many householders are working outside the village. They find their job in the local market town, 6Km away from the village. Some of them migrate to state capital Jaipur, and even to Delhi to secure additional incomes. Increasing number of lower caste villagers have tend to migrate outside the village.