Sensorial shaft - in-situ measurement of process-relevant state variables in frictional connections

随着技术进步和数字化程度的提高，经典机械元件(ME)正成为智能附加功能和数字网络发展的焦点。作为其中的一部分，集成传感器的机械元件旨在实现现有驱动技术系统的数字化，而无需昂贵的新研究。进一步开发和集成用于在ME中直接记录物理变量的附加测量功能是一种很有前途的方法。这种传感器集成在产品开发和现场状态监测方面提供了相当大的附加值。车桥和轴是传动系统中力和力矩传递的中心ME。轴-轮毂连接(SHC)是实现其主要功能所必需的。在此应用中，摩擦啮合连接(压紧和夹紧连接、夹具等)是频繁使用的变种。到目前为止，用于设计SHCS的相关变量(摩擦或法向力)不能直接测量，而是由其他变量间接确定的。这不可避免地会导致设计中的高偏差和不确定性。在运行中需要有意义的状态变量，因此必须直接确定部件上的各种变量。为此，速度和振动传感器将由薄膜传感器系统补充，该系统能够对部件上的机械应力、应变和温度进行现场测量。ME轴作为一种中央驱动技术元件，特别适合用于携带传感器系统，以确定广泛和可靠的运行数据。现有的设计规范可以确保将来在竖井中集成传感器的标准化方法，而不会显著影响主要功能。基于多功能薄膜系统的传感器首次能够在空间和时间上精确地确定部件直接接触时的局部特性和工艺参数，例如法向应力和剪应力以及温度。

With increasing technical advances and the resulting digitalization, classic machine elements (ME) are becoming a focus for the development of smart additional functions and digital networks. As part of that, sensor-integrated machine elements are intended to enable the digitalization of existing drive technology systems without expensive new investigations. The further development and integration of additional measurement functions for recording physical variables directly in the ME represents a promising approach here. Such a sensor integration offers considerable added value in product development and in condition monitoring in the field. Axles and shafts are the central ME for the transmission of forces and moments in drive systems. Shaft-hub connections (SHC) are essential for fulfilling their primary function. In this application frictionally engaged connections (press and clamp connections, clamping sets, etc.) being frequently used variants. The relevant variables (friction or normal force) for designing SHCs up to now, cannot be measured directly, but is determined indirectly from other variables. This inevitably leads to high deviations and uncertainties in the design. The need for meaningful state variables in operation makes it essential to determine various variables directly on the component. For this purpose, speed and vibration sensors are to be supplemented by a thin-film sensor system that enables in-situ-measurement of mechanical stresses, strains and temperatures on the component. The ME shaft as a central drive technology element is particularly suitable to carry the sensor system for the determination of extensive and reliable operating data. Existing design specifications can ensure a future standardized method for sensor integration in shafts without significantly affecting the primary function. Sensors based on multifunctional thin-film systems enable for the first time a precise spatially and temporally resolved determination of local characteristics and process parameters in direct component contact such as normal and shear stresses as well as temperature.